I

THE

/

NAUTILUS

A QUARTERLY JOURNAL

DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS

OF CONCHOLOGISTS

VOL. 67 JULY, 1953 to APRIL, 1954

EDITORS AND PUBLISHERS

HENRY A. PILSBRY

Curator of the Department of Mollusks and Marine Invertebrates,

Academy of Natural Sciences

H. BURRINGTON BAKER

Professor of Zoology, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pa.

LANCASTER PRESS, INC., LANCASTER, PA.

CONTENTS

Names of new genera and species in italics.

Alcadia, subgenera Penisoltia & W einlandella 139, 140

Amateurs 41

American Malacological Union 66, 104

Armina tigrina 83

Atlantic 1, 38, 40, 61, 83, 92, 105, 108, 112, 120

Aurinia 5

A. kieneri ethelae Pilsbry & Olsson 10

Bermudas 53

Boston Malacological Club 36

Bryozoa 76

Bulimulus (Rabdotus) novoleonis Pilsbry 46

Busycon 61

Calidviana H. B. Baker, subgenus of Eutrochatella 139

California, inland 20, 69, 81, 96

Canada 94

Clenchina Pilsbry & Olsson, genus of Volutidae 4

C. robust a marionae Pilsbry & Olsson 8

Coelostemma balesi Pilsbry 82

Conus austini Render & Abbott pi. 3, fig. 3.

Cypraeidae 86

Dates of The Nautilus 36

Discus rotundatus 36

Egypt 44

Erectidens Pilsbry, genus of Polygyridae (?) 46

E. trichalus Pilsbry 47

Eutrochatella, subgenus Calidviana 139

Florida, inland 33, 48, 56

marine 1, 38, 58, 76

Fusinus (Heilprinia) dowianus Olsson . .pi. 8, figs. 2, 3, p. 106

Helicina, subgenus Pseudoligyra 139

Humboldtiana edithae Parodiz 107

Idaho 37

Illinois 25, 26

Indian shell mounds 90

Indians and mussels 25

Indopacific 13, 86

Lymnaea stagnalis 44

Magnipelta Pilsbry, genus of Arionidae 37

M. mycophaga Pilsbry 37

Marshall Islands 13

Massachusetts 36

iv THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 67 (4)

Melongenidae vs. Galeodidae 139

Mexico 46, 55, 81

Michigan 19

Monadenia circumcarinata 69

New Jersey 36

Niso hendersoni Bartsch 38

Ohio 26

Onoba jacksoni Bartsch 40

Oregon 95

Oreohelix 20

Palearctic 44

Paramiella Clench for Paramia, genus of Cyclophoridae . . 139

Penisoltia H. B. Baker, subgenus of Alcadia 139

Pisidium 97, 131

Pleistocene fossils 120

Pseudoligyra H. B. Baker, subgenus of Helicina 139

Pseudosubulina ruthae Pilsbry 81

Publications received 104, 140

St. Petersburg shell show 138

Scalariform shells 18

Scaphella 4

Shells, scalariform 18

''Texas longhorn" 76

Slug culture 129

Strobilops (Discostrobilops) pilsbryi Morrison 53

S. (D.) sinaloa Morrison 54

Temporary pools 26

Texas 107

Trichodiscina sinaloa Pilsbry 81

Turbonilla louiseae Clarke 118

Vertigo dalliana 75

Virginia 22, 90

Viviparus georgianus vs. V. multilineatus 56, 58

Volutidae 1

Volutifusus 7

Weinlandella H. B. Baker, subgenus of Alcadia 139

Wyoming 121

Zonitidae 22

INDEX TO AUTHORS

Abbott, R. Tucker 83

Abdel-Ghani, A. Fouad 44

Allen, J. Frances 92, 108

Baily, Joshua L., Jr 20

Baker, H. Burrington 36, 139

Bartsch, Paul 38, 40

Beetle, Dorothy 121

Clarke, Arthur H., Jr 112

Clench, W. J. 139

Deichnian, Elizabeth 76

Deinond, Joan 86

Dexter, Ralph W 26

Dietrich, Richard V. & Percy A. Morris 13

Emerson, William K 61

Freed, Sam D 36

Haas, Fritz 94

Hanna, G. D. & A. G. Smith 69

Herrington, H. B 97, 131

Hubricht, Leslie 22, 90

Matteson, Max R 25

Michelson, Edward H 33, 48

Morris, Percy A. (Dietrich &) 13

Morrison, J. P. E 53, 56

Nichelson, Edward H 33, 48

Nicol, David 41

Olsson, Axel A 105

Olsson, Axel A. (Pilsbry &) 1

Parodiz, Juan J 107

Pilsbry, H. A 37, 46, 58, 81, 138

Pilsbry, H. A. & Axel A. Olsson 1

Richards, Horace G 120

Sivik, Frank P 129

Smith, A. G. (Hanna &) 69

Solem, Alan 18

Teskey, Margaret C 66

IfcWAl

The nautilus

Vol. 67 JULY, 1953 No. 1

MATERIALS FOR A REVISION OF EAST COAST AND

FLORIDAN VOLUTES

By HENRY A. PILSBRY and AXEL A. OLSSON

The Volutidae are comparatively rare shells in the Recent fauna of eastern North America and the Caribbean region, and most species can be obtained only by dredging in off-shore waters. Scaphella has recently become more easily available to collectors from the shrimp trawlers. Voluta musica and its several subspecies or varieties is probably the commonest of the West Atlantic volutes and is locally plentiful along certain por- tions of the north coast of South America from the Goajira peninsula of Colombia eastward to Margarita Island and Trini- dad. Westward of the Goajiras, V. musica is replaced by V. virescens, which extends northward along the Central American coast to Texas. We have records of virescens from Cartagena, Colombia, and Colon, Panama. These two species are distin- guishable by their color markings and by very marked differ- ences in their nuclear construction. A fossil form of V. virescens is common in the Miocene of western Panama and Costa Rica.

In Florida waters only the Scaphellinae appear to be repre- sented. An important paper on this subfamily was published by William J. Clench in Johnsonia, vol. 2, no. 22, 1946. Clench's work was based on a study of the combined collections in the National Museum, the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phil- adelphia, the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and the Museo Poey in Havana. It is the indispensable foundation for further work on these elegant but elusive mollusks.

In recent years the McGinty brothers, together with Arthur

2 THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 67 (1)

R. Thompson, in dredging operations from Mr. Thompson's motor yacht Triton, principally along the southeast coast of Florida and the Keys, have brought together a series of Aurinia and its allies probably larger than any collection previously available for study. The material and information assembled by them, together with Thomas L. McGinty's studies of the radulae, form the chief basis of this paper. We are deeply in- debted to Mr. Charles R. Locklin and to Mr. Thomas L. McGinty for gifts of rare and valuable specimens, and to Mr. Tom Dow and Mrs. E. L. Townsend for the use of volutes from their collections.

Clench first indicated the existence of a radula in the American species of Scaphellinae, and gave figures of the teeth of five species. Dall, who had failed to obtain a radular ribbon from a specimen (erroneously) identified as "Aurinia dubia" dis- sected for the Blake report, 1889, concluded that the absence of a radula constituted a characteristic of the subfamily, an error copied later by Thiele and several other systematists. The radular ribbon of the Scaphellinae, as in most other volutes, is uniserial, lateral teeth being absent, so that only the central row or rachidian teeth remain. The ribbon is small to minute. As figures 1 to 4 show, the teeth of Scaphellinae are of three pat- terns. All have a biramose base of attachment.

1. In Scaphella the teeth have a single long, narrow cusp only, its upper surface deeply concave (as in fig. la), the shanks of the base either shorter than the cusp, as in 8. junonia as figured by Clench, or longer and more spreading, as in the Campeche race or. subspecies drawn in our figures 1, la.

2. In Clenchina there is a conic central cusp deeply concave above, suggesting the upper surface of a rounded shovel (fig. 2a), and two minute accessory cusps, which are the sharpened ends of two ridges continued from the lateral edges of the basal shanks. The radula is minute, about 2 mm. long, teeth 0.05 mm. wide, more or less, in the type species C. dohrni (Sowerby), figs. 2, 2a. The teeth are similar in C. florida (CI. & Ag.), and in C. robusta marionae, fig. 3.

July, 1953]

THE NAUTILUS

3. In Aueinia there is a pointed central cusp and two well developed side cusps. The radula is relatively large, in the neighborhood of 10 mm. long, with teeth about 0.2 mm. wide, in A. georgiana (Clench), fig. 4. Aurinia kieneri ethelae (pi. 3, fig. 1), has a radula very similar to A. georgiana.

In Volutifusus the teeth are shaped as in Aurinia, but the radula is much smaller, 2 mm. long in a shell of V. torrei (Pils- bry) 54 mm. long, according to Clench.

Figs. 1, la. Tooth of Scapliella junonia butleri from shrimping grounds southwest of Campeche in 16 fms. Shell 112 mm. long. Eadula about 6 mm. long, with approximately 210 teeth, formula 0.1.0. At fig. la a tooth viewed obliquely from side and above.

Figs. 2, 2a. Clenchina dohrni from rocky reef southeast of Sombrero Key Light, 110 fathoms. Shell 43.3 mm. long, clean and not eroded. Eadula about 2 mm. long, with approximately 120 teeth. At fig. 2a a tooth seen from side and a little above.

Fig. 3. Clenchina robusto marionae from shell figured on pi. 2, fig. 5, Scale about same as for fig. 2.

Fig. 4. Aurinia georgiana from off Palm Beach, 115 fms. Eadula slightly less than 10 mm. long, with about 160 teeth.

All figures except fig. 3 traced from camera lucida drawings by Thomas L. McGinty.

4 THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 67 (1)

Classification of East Coast and Floridan Volutidae

Subfamily Scaphellinae

Genus Scaphella Swainson, 1832

Type by subsequent designation, Gray, 1847: Voluta junonia

Shaw. Recent, Florida coasts westward into the Gulf of Mexico.

The shell is broadly spindle-shaped, medium or thick-walled, the spire a third the total length or less. Protoconch sub- truncate, stump-shaped, often with a pointed calearella. Early postnuclear whorls having small axial ribs and spiral striae, the last whorl with spiral striae weak or vanishing and an extremely thin and pale periostracum, usually scarcely noticeable. Colu- mella margin of aperture nearly straight, bearing four plaits. Parietal callus a thin and transparent glaze, at its widest exten- sion covering about half the width of the ventral face or less. The anterior canal is rather short, stout, slightly recurved, with deep terminal notch and a distinct but low siphonal fasciole. Teeth of the radula with a single cusp (as described on page 2 and figs. 1, la).

Clenchina, new genus

Type : Voluta dohrni Sowerby, 1903.

The shell is fusiform, similar to Scaphella by the nucleus, the numerous rows of spots, usually 8 or more (rarely wanting), and the limited parietal glaze, restricted to the columellar half or less of the ventral surface of the shell (pi. 1, fig. 4, C. dohrni). Three of four plaits emerge on the columella. A siphonal fasciole is more or less evident. The early postnuclear whorls may have spiral striation only, or axial ribs may be present also. Fine spiral striation extends upon the last whorl. The radula is very minute, the teeth having mesocone and vestigial side cusps, as described on page 2 and figs. 2, 2a, 3.

This genus differs from Scaphella chiefly by the form of the radular teeth, which are shorter and have distinct though minute side cusps. Such differences as exist in the shells do not seem very important, the Clenchinae being somewhat less solid and less shouldered.

Clenchina differs from Aurinia mainly by the much more minute radula, with teeth having only rudimentary side cusps. The shell differs by the stronger columellar plaits, the more numerous rows of spots, and especially by the far less extended parietal glaze ; but this most important character is often faintly

July, 1953] THE NAUTILUS 5

or not at all expressed in fresh shells, and is usually removed in those which have been "cleaned."

The genotype, C. dohrni, lives in rocky stations. It is ap- parently confined in Florida waters to the rocky area off the Keys known as the Pourtales Plateau.

"Valuta" gouldiana Dall, with a unicolored shell or with broad pale bands, is referable without doubt to Clenchina, but the dentition is still unknown.

Genus Aurinia H. & A. Adams

Aurinia H. & A. Adams, 1853, monotype Voluta dubia Broderip. Rehderia Clench, 1945, type Aurinia schmitti Bartsch. Auri- niopsis Clench, 1953, Johnsonia 2 : 378, type Scaphella kieneri Clench.

Distribution : Southeast Atlantic coast of the United States, Florida and the West Indies.

The shell is spindle-shaped and rather thin. Protoeonch sub- truncate stump-like or somewhat globose, often with a pointed calcarella. Whorls generally sculptured with fine spiral threads, the spire whorls (which may be shouldered) having axial folds as well. Columellar margin nearly straight or weakly sigmoid. There are two feeble columellar plaits, sometimes not persisting into the adult stage of the shell. Anterior canal long, straight or little recurved, terminating in a shallow notch. There is no siphonal fasciole. The periostracum is extremely thin, not con- cealing the color pattern of about 6 (5 to 7) spiral rows of brown spots; or (on mud bottom) the periostracum is slightly thicker, dull and opaque, dusky yellow, brownish or olivaceous. The parietal callus is an extremely thin glaze spreading over much or most of the ventral surface of the shell. Radula with tricuspid teeth as described on page 2 and fig. 4.

The chief feature differentiating the shell of Aurinia from other Scaphellinae is that the thin callus or glaze deposited by the columellar margin of the mantle covers most or all of the ventral face of the shell, covering also such incrustations as may adhere to the periostracum. In A. georgiana it may cover most of the apertural side of the last whorl only, as in plate 1, fig. 2, or it may extend on the ventral side over sutures and whorls, to the apex. In the long series seen from off Palm Beach there are all intermediate stages. This condition is obvious in most speci- mens from muddy bottom, which have the periostracum a little

6 THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 67 (1)

thicker and darker than those from sandy or rocky bottoms. In the latter such very thin periostracum as may be present is transparent, the flesh colored or pinkish surface with rows of spots showing through ; the ventral glaze is extremely thin, or so slight that none is visible, the spots showing through it, and the mantle line on the shell defining it is inconspicuous or no line may be visible.

Most specimens of Aurinia in collections have been "cleaned," and the mantle line on the shell defining the ventral glaze is faint or generally obliterated entirely.

The anterior canal is not, or but very slightly, recurved in Aurinia, and there is no trace of the convex siphonal fasciole seen in Scaphella and usually in Clenchina.

Rehderia was based upon specimens with dull, more or less incrusted periostracum, covered by the parietal glaze which had not been "cleaned." The type of Aurinia was a specimen with very thin periostracum and imperceptible ventral glaze. Their essential generic identity is demonstrated by the series of dozens of specimens dredged by the McGinty brothers, preserved in their natural condition except for the removal of the sea anemones which were on most specimens. All conchological characters of Aurinia and Rehderia are exactly the same except for the difference in the surface, which as noted above is fully covered by transitional individuals in li Rehderia' ' georgiana. We agree with Dr. Bartsch, who referred the genotype of Rehderia to the genus Aurinia.

The McGintys report that species of the genus Aurinia live in sandy or muddy situations, Avhile members of Clenchina live in both rocky or sandy mud localities.

Some confusion has attended the identification of the geno- type Aurinia dubia Broderip. Originally described and figured by Broderip in 1827, it was based on a shell from an unknown locality. The same figure was copied by Reeve who was not otherwise acquainted with the species. The original figure of dubia shows a slender shell about 65 mm. in length, with a rather long, slender, straight anterior canal, and a large bulbous pro- toconch tipped with a pointed calcarella. There are six rows of well separated brown spots on the body whorl, two rows on the penultimate whorl. The columella!- plaits are described as

July, 1953] THE NAUTILUS 7

two in number, ' ' very slightly marked. ' ' A photographic copy of Broderip's figure is reproduced in our plate 2, fig. 2. It appears to be a young shell which would add another whorl, the axially costate last whorl shown in Broderip 's figure correspond- ing to the penult whorl of A. kieneri. The "two almost imper- ceptible plaits on the columella" of the immature stage repre- sented by Broderip's type would probably be lost in the fully mature stage, as they are occasionally in A. georgiana. In A. kieneri the plaits evidently disappear still earlier. The nuclear shell of A. dubia is larger than in A. kieneri but of the same shape; cf pi. 2, fig. la. If this estimate is correct, Auriniopsis will fall as a synonym of Aurinia.

Genus Volutipusus Conrad, 1863

Volutifusus Conrad, 1863, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. for 1862,

p. 563. Bothy aurinia Clench & Aguayo, 1940, Mem. Soc. Cubana de Hist.

Nat. 14: 92 (Type Aurinia torrei Pilsbry).

Type by monotypy: Fasciolaria mutabilis Conrad, 1834, Mio- cene of St. Mary's River, Maryland.

The shell is smooth except for obscure axial riblets and spiral striae on the earliest post-nuclear whorls. It does not have the pattern of spots in spiral series characteristic of most Scaphel- linae. The surface is covered by a light glaze of enamel which wholly or mainly obscures the sutures and spreads over the protoconch as well. Anterior canal nearly or quite straight, with siphonal canal notch small; without a siphonal fasciole. Columella plain in the adult, with two small plaits developed in early whorls only, but not emerging to the aperture in the adult stage. Radula as in Aurinia but much smaller.

vov

To this genus belong several fossil species often referred to Aurinia, from the East Coast Miocene and Pliocene. Volutifusus differs from the closely related Aurinia by having the surface completely covered by a glaze of enamel from which it may be inferred that the mantle can be extended to envelop the whole shell. In shape of the radular teeth Volutifusus {Bathy aurinia) is entirely like Aurinia.

Bathyaurinia Clench and Aguayo, 1940, differs in no wise from Volutifusus in shell characters and is regarded as a synonym.

Volutifusus agnayoi (Clench) from deep water east of St.

8 THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 67 (1)

Augustine is the only Recent species of this genus known from off Florida.

List of Volutidae of the East Coast, Florida, and westward in the Gulf

Scaphella junonia (Shaw)

Scaphella junonia johnstoneae Clench

Scaphella junonia butleri Clench

Clenchina dohrni (Sowerby)

Clenchina florida (Clench & Aguayo)

Clenchina gouldiana (Dall)

Clenchina robust a (Dall)

Clenchina robusta marionae Pilsbry & Olsson

Aurinia kieneri (Clench)

Aurinia kieneri ethelae Pilsbry & Olsson

Aurinia schmitti Bartsch

Aurinia georgiana (Clench)

Volutifusus aguayoi (Clench)

Notes and descriptions of some Scaphellinae

Clenchina robusta marionae, new subspecies. PI. 2, figs. 4, 5

The shell is rather shortly fusiform, the diameter contained about 2% to 2% times in the length, moderately solid; dull whitish with squarish dark brown spots in 5 or 6 spiral series. The nucleus has an elevated point, but is eroded in both speci- mens seen. Postnuclear whorls angular near the middle, the angle closely set with tubercles which are slightly lengthened axially. These tubercles continue over the first half or more of the last whorl ; the angle and tubercles disappearing on the latter part of the whorl. Spiral sculpture of low, rounded cords wider than their intervals, about two cords in one millimeter (measured on the last whorl below the shoulder). The cords are smaller and closer above the shoulder and a trifle coarser towards the base. The arcuate outer lip of the aperture is a little more strongly curved in its posterior half. The inner lip is very weakly sigmoid, being slightly concave in the middle and curved towards the left anteriorly ; the anterior canal being somewhat recurved, without a distinct siphonal fasciole. There are three low columellar plaits, not visible in front view in the type, but barely emerging in the paratype.

Length 45.3 mm., diameter 20 mm. ; length aperture 32 mm. Type.

Length 59 mm., diameter 24.3 mm. ; length aperture 40.5 mm. Paratype.

July, 1953] THE NAUTILUS 9

"Gulf of Mexico." Type 189920 ANSP., paratype in Charles R. Locklin's collection.

The special feature of this subspecies is the spiral sculpture which is far coarser than in any of the otherwise similar species. The anterior canal is distinctly recurved. The very thin parietal glaze is about as in C. florida, (pi. 1, fig. 4), at the widest extend- ing about half way over the ventral side. In the type the squarish spots are somewhat longer axially, but in the paratype they tend to be lengthened spirally.

This subspecies is based upon two specimens, both probably mature, the difference in size thought to be sexual. The spiral striation is decidedly coarser than in C. florida. Though ap- parently adult the shells are much smaller than C. robusta. It is named for Marion (Mrs. C. R.) Locklin, formerly Assistant in the department of mollusks, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

Aurinia kieneri (Clench), Plate 2, figs. 1, la.

Fusus tessellatus Schubert, Kiener, 1840, Icon. Coquilles Vivantes

5, Fusus, p. 39, pi. 29, fig. 1. [Not F. tessellatus Schubert &

Wagner, 1829.] Scaphella (Aurinia) kieneri Clench, 1946, Johnsonia 2:58, pi.

31, fig. 1 [copied from Kiener, I.e. ; not Auriniopsis kieneri

Clench, 1953].

This species was named by Clench from Kiener 's figure and description, no specimens being then known in America. It is now known by specimens from rather deep water in the north- eastern Gulf, one from the Locklin collection figured on plate 2, fig. 1. The shell is light pinkish cinnamon (of Ridgway) in color with six rows of squarish spots of Vandyke brown, spots of the upper row small and scattered; the anterior end is vandyke brown with blackish streaks. The embryonic shell of slightly over two whorls is globular and runs spirally to an acute point. The penult and nearly two earlier whorls have rounded axial ribs on the lower half or slightly more, but obsolete on the concave upper part. There are widely spaced traces of ribs in the peripheral part of the last whorl. Fine spiral striae are over all post-embryonic whorls. No trace of columellar plaits. The specimen is adult, having several strong wrinkles indicating former peristomes behind the outer lip.

10 THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 67 (1)

Length 115 mm., diameter 36 mm. ; length of aperture 86.5 mm. ; 5% whorls.

These specimens agree in the main with Kiener's figure, but the aperture is a little narrower and the columellar margin is less strongly sinuous. The strong ribs of the penult whorl and the minute spirals of the glossy surface are the same.

In the shell figured as A. kieneri in Johnsonia 2 : 379, pi. 187 (1953) the absence of ribs on the penult whorl and the straighter columellar margin of aperture and canal indicate that it is not typical A. kieneri, but is referable to the following subspecies.

Aurinia kieneri ethelae new subspecies. PI. 3, figs. 1, 2, 2a.

Shell large, spindle-shaped, thin-walled, of almost paper thick- ness at the apertural edge, somewhat heavier elsewhere. The body-whorl is large, moderately convex but with its opposite sides in the middle zone appearing a little flattened and parallel; above that the surface slopes inward to form an appressed zone bordering the suture. Base of whorl is contracted rather strongly and produced into a narrow, straight to slightly twisted canal. The specimen has 5 whorls in addition to a small calloused nucleus of about 1 whorl which has an elevated, peaked cal- carella. The first postnuclear whorl is quite narrow, the change from the nuclear stage being abrupt. Second and third post- nuclear whorls have about 17 narrow, axial riblets across the middle but they fade out towards the suture. On the remaining whorls the ribs rapidly diminish and are wholly lacking on the penultimate and final whorls. Spiral sculpturing is relatively strong except on the body-whorl where the surface is nearly smooth except for the longitudinal lines of growth. The shell has a thin-edged growing lip, nearly straight or but slightly sinuous in the middle ; but about a quarter turn back the growth lines are bunched together and heavier, indicating halts in shell growth.

Length 182 mm., greater diameter near upper end of aperture 54.5 mm. ; height of spire above end of aperture 57 mm.

The contracted animal in formalin has a length along the foot of about 70 mm., of a dirty cream color smudged irregularly with black. Tentacles broad, triangular, flat, with a small pro- tuberance on each side at the outer base, probably bearing small eyes. Buccal mass is a large, sausage-shaped, thick-walled organ. The radula is relatively long and very slender, approximately 12 mm. in length, width of teeth about 0.28 mm., the individual teeth closely similar to those of other Aurinia, each with three cusps, the mesocone largest, widest in the middle, side cusps long.

July, 1953] THE NAUTILUS 11

Off South Pass, Mississippi Kiver in 220 fathoms. Coll. by- Mr. Thomas Dow. Holotype in the private collection of Mrs. Ethel L. Townsend, Coconut Grove, Florida.

We have seen a number of specimens, the type in the collection of Mrs. Townsend being the largest, our illustrations being a few mm. less than actual size. It differs from A. kieneri by the far less developed axial ribbing of the spire which is restricted to one or two early whorls, and totally absent on the last two or three whorls. In the specimens of A. kieneri seen, and in that figured by Kiener, the costation is strongest on the penult whorl. It remains to be seen whether ethelae is specifically distinct from A. kieneri when longer series of both become available. For the present, in view of the variability we have observed in some other species of Aurinia, we leave it as a subspecies.

No parietal glaze is usually visible on the ventral side of this form, but in one specimen (pi. 2, figs. 3, 3a) given by Mr. C. R. Locklin the surface had gathered a thin coat of diatoms or other marine deposit over which the mantle has laid a glaze covering the ventral side, exactly as described for ' ' Rehderia. " This is another illustration of our contention that Aurinia species may either occur clean, or incrusted individuals may have a glaze deposited over the incrustation. As this gives the shell quite a different appearance we give here a description of such an incrusted specimen.

Plate 2, figs. 3, 3a. The fusiform shell is long and slender, the diameter one-third of the length or less; not very thick. The nuclear 1% smooth whorls taper spirally to a high point, as in A. kieneri. First postnuclear whorl is axially ribbed with spiral threads, the ribbing becoming weaker and irregular on the fol- lowing whorl, the last 2~y2 whorls smooth except for fine growth striae. The whole ventral face of the last two whorls is covered with a white glaze, also covering the suture. The color, visible on the back and spire, is pinkish buff with two rows of russet squarish spots on whorls of the spire, four rows (with traces of a fifth) on the last whorl. The spots are rather small (3 mm. long more or less) on the last whorl, the rows widely spaced. The aperture is flesh tinted within, showing the spots faintly, widest at the anterior third. The outer lip is strongly curved forward in the middle, as usual, retracted to the suture. Colu- mellar margin is very weakly concave in the middle, without plaits.

12 THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 67 (1)

Length 128 mm., diameter 39 mm.; length of aperture 86.5 mm. ; 5y± whorls.

The shape and color-pattern, as well as the less extensive glaze, differentiate this form from Volutifusus.

Aurinia schmitti Bartsch. PI. 1, fig. 1.

A specimen in the McGinty collection is figured to show the appearance when found clean. The last whorl is more evenly convex and less shouldered than the type figures of A. schmitti, but that type specimen is a little abnormal from an interruption of growth in the sutural region near the aperture. There are six spiral rows of squarish spots, those of the upper row small, the rest larger and separated by spaces usually less than twice the size of the spots. The aperture is widened at its anterior third, and about 69 percent of the total length. The columellar margin is nearly straight, and in an oblique view shows two very low but wide columellar plaits. In another specimen the plaits emerge more, being visible in a front view.

Length 130 mm., diameter 41 mm. ; length of aperture 89.4 mm.

This specimen is from Triton Station 992, 165° off Sombrero Key Light in 60 fms., gray mud. It was taken July 21, 1952.

Aurinia georgiana (Clench). PI. 2, figs. 2 to 6.

Aurinia georgiana on muddy bottom off Palm Beach in about 75 to 90 fathoms is one of the usual perches for sea anemones. Sometimes several of them occupy the whole surface leaving only the aperture free. Even this may sometimes be contracted by encroachment of this old man of the sea. Other specimens, especially those from sandy bottom, may come up entirely clean, as in pi. 1, figs. 3, 6. The extension of the parietal glaze over the periostracum, as emphasized by Clench in his account of Rehderia, is not an unusual condition in shells with thin periost- racum, in which, as in many land shells, the glaze is laid on over the periostracum. On muddy bottoms many Aurinias acquire a coating of lime, often with diatoms and other growths. Over this the columellar margin of the mantle deposits a glaze, so that a smooth surface rests upon the extended animal. The back of a coated specimen is shown in pi. 1, fig. 5. See also pi. 2, figs. 3, 3a.

TILE NAUTILUS 67 (1)

PLATE 1

1, Aurinia schmitti. 2, 3, 5, 6, A. georglana. 4, Clenchina dohrni. 7, Trio- dopsis fraudulinta vulgata (above), Anguispira alternata (below).

THE NAUTILUS 67 (1)

PLATE 2

1. La, Aurinia kieneri. -. Aurinia dubia, after Broderip. 3, 3a, Aurinia Tc,

i tin liir, var. 4, 5, Clcnchina robusta marionae.

THE NAUTILUS 67 (1)

PLATE a

\ 1

X. .J*

1 *

Ohsort ol**dr

1, 2, 2a, Aurinia Tcieneri ethelae. 3, Conus austini ReMer & Abbott.

THE NAUTILUS 67 (1)

PLATE 4

Mollusks from Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands.

July, 1953] THE NAUTILUS 13

A. georgiana shows great variation in shape of the anterior canal end of the aperture, as in pi. 1, figs. 3 and 6. They would hardly be thought the same species if they were not fully con- nected by intermediate specimens taken on the same bottoms. The anterior canal may be noticeably recurved and rather broad, as in fig. 3, or in a small minority of specimens it may be straight and slender, as in fig. 6. The two small columellar plaits may be barely visible in a direct front view, figs. 2 and 6, or they may be so deeply immersed that they are not visible in the aperture in any view.

Fig. 2 represents a specimen of about maximum size for the species, length 94 mm., width 31 mm. ; length aperture 63 mm. ; fully 5 whorls. All specimens figured (pi. 1, figs. 2, 3, 5, 6). are from off Palm Beach, 75 to about 90 fms. taken by the Triton. There it is the only species of Aurinia found in its area.

MOLLUSKS FROM KWAJALEIN

By RICHARD V. DIETRICH Department of Geology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia

AND

PERCY A. MORRIS

Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut

The mollusks listed here were collected on the Kwajalein Atoll by R. V. Dietrich while he was on duty with the U.S.A. A. F. during World War II. They have been classified by P. A. Morris of Peabody Museum of Natural History, New Haven, Connecticut, where the collection now is filed.

Kwajalein Atoll, sometimes referred to as Menschikov Atoll, is in the Marshall Island group. The Atoll lies between 8° 40' and 9° 25' North latitude and between 166° 45' and 167° 50' East longitude (fig. 1).

All shells in this collection were collected from the area around Ebeye, Ennylabegan, Enubuj, Gea, and Kwajalein Islands which are located in the southern part of the atoll. Cypraea (Ponda) ventricidus Lamarck, Peribolus (Arabica) histrio Gmelin, Eros- aria (Ravitrona) caput serpentis Linne, Turbo argyrostomus

14	THE	NAUTILUS [Vol. 67 (1)
	',
ito* its* iro* \| , . i i .	-10-	%v 11 0 5 .yOmelek
0 too SOD 500 «0C JOO WO TOO »00 900 "00	»
STATUlt MILIS MARSHALL ISL ANDS CAROLINE L'b " . >». •«• PiMvlQpOop , " Joe*' P<»-. PONiPt »M« -. £,««# AM' Mokil •P.»g«iop VJ<"- CT.1** •ClH 1 S L A N 0 S	Statufe Miles ,'y Eni**» f^01 ilJMPck TO- it 1> •> Lagoon * IV Bige) \| AM .
Ebodon BI99-* "JV" Tobik **^ "Bogatflk \	"t:.	Ningi rfononn, ■.pehh Obiootj y 850 S^Ninni // ^v G oo ot * \ -J^Ennylabegon ;,.Loi \ South fbss i Ebeye •»• \ :j£2<kojaleln
Elltf *_ KWAJALEIN I	i Bkj
ATOLL ^S 0 10 20 30 EnnytabeW
Nautical Mile*	Qjolel	n _l-	I6r40 1 1

Fig. 1. Index map showing location of area from which this collection came.

Linne, Lamb is chiragra Linne, and Haliotis varia Linne were found alive on the ocean-side reef of Kwajalein Island ; Strombus gibberulus Linne, Cerithium fasciatum Bruguiere, Rhinoclavis sinensis Gmelin, and Isognomon perna Linne were found alive on the reef between Kwajalein and Enubuj Islands; Pinctada vulgaria Schumacher, Plicatula philippinarum Sowerby, Ostrea chemnitzii Hanley, Peribolus (Arabica) reticulata Martyn, Erosaria (Rauitrona) caput serpent is Linne, Monetaria (Orna- mentaria) annulua Linne, Erosaria (Ravitroma) helvolva Linne, Erosaria (Erosaria) pararia Linne, and Nerita polita Linne were found alive on the reef between Ennylabegan and Gea Islands. The shell of Charonia tritonis Linne was found on the lagoon side of Ebeye Island. Monetaria (Monetaria) moneta Linne was found alive on all reefs visited. Only the shells of the other mollusks were found; they were procured from dredgings from the lagoon on the north side of Kwajalein Island during the dredging operations of 1945.

July, 1953]

THE NAUTILUS

15

List of Mollusks Collected Pelecypoda

Area ventricosa Lamarck

Area krausii Philippi

Barb at ia amygdalumtostum

Roding Anadara scapha Meuschen Pinctada vulgaria Schumacher Isognomon perna Linne* Ostrea chemnitzii Hanley Spondylus cruentus ? Lischke Spondylus ducalis Roding Plicatula philippinarum Sow-

erby Pallium pallium Linne Chlamys squamosus ? Gmelin* Comptopecten spiceri Rehder* Lima cf . annulata Lamarck Volsella philippinarum Hanley Brachidontes sp. Tridacna maxima Roding Hippopus hippopus Linne Chama aspersa 1 Reeve Chama semipurpurata Lischke Chama lazarus Linne Loripinus vesicula Gould

Codakia interrupta Lamarck Codakia punctata Linne Fimbria fimbriata Linne Trapezium oblong um Linne Trachycardium elongatum Bru-

guiere Fragum fragum Linne Lioconcha hieroglyphica Con- rad Periglypta reticidata Linne Pitar obliquata Wood Garfrarium pectinatum Linne Glycydonta marica Linne* Asaphis deflorata Linne Tellina perna ? Spengler Tellinella virgata Linne Pinguitellina nucella Dall,

Bartsch and Rehder* Scutarcopagia scobinata Linne Leptomya near cochlearis

Hinds* Macoma sp. Quadrans gargadia Linne*

Note: star (*) indicates species illustrated.

Cephalopoda

Nautilus pompilius Linne

Gastropoda

Patelloidea saccharina Linne Patella stellaeformis Reeve Haliotis varia Linne Trochus pyramis Born Trochus histrio Reeve Clanculus atropurpureus Gould Turbo petholatus Linne Turbo argyrostomus Linne Nerita polita Linne Nerita plicata Linne Nerita picea Recluz Nerita albicilla Linne Natica cf. violacea Sowerby*

Cymatium pyrum Linne Murex sp.

Nassa sertum Bruguiere Drupa morum Roding Drupa ricinus Linne Drupa grossularia Roding Drupa rubusidaeus Roding Thais (Thalessa) hippocas-

taneum Linne Morula ura Roding Morula undata Lamarck Morula granulata Duclos Morida concatenata Lamarck

16

THE NAUTILUS

[Vol. 67 (1)

Polinices mammilla Linne Polinices melanostoma Gmelin Siphonium sp.* Aletes sp.

Cheilea equestris Linne Hipponyx conicus Schumacher Hipponyx barbatus Sowerby T ovinia infundib uliformis Gme- lin* Phillipia cingulum Kiener* Littorina obesa Sowerby Cerithium cf. salebrosum Sow- erby* Cerithium cf. echinatum La- marck Cerithium asper Linne Cerithium columna Sowerby Cerithium fasciatum Bruguiere Cerithium nodulosum Bru- guiere Rhinoclavis sinensis Gmelin* Rhinoclavis tenuiscidptus Sow- erby Strombus dentatus Linne Strombus mutabilis Swainson* Strombus fragilis Roding Strombus gibberulus Linne Strombus lentiginosus Linne Strombus variabilis Swainson Strombus rugosum Sowerby* Lamb is lamb is Linne Lambis chiragra Linne Terebellum terebellum Linne Cypraea tigris Linne Cypraea (Lyncina) lynx Linne Cypraea (Ponda) carneola

Linne Cypraea (Ponda) ventriculus

Lamarck Cypraea (Mystaponda) vitel-

lus Linne Erosaria (Erosaria) erosa

Linne Erosaria (Erosaria) pararia

Linne Erosaria (Ravitrona) caput- serpentis Linne

Morula elata Blainville Pyrene /lava Bruguiere Columbella turturina Lamarck Engina mendicaria Linne Pisa fasciata Deshayes* Nassarius papillosus Linne Nassarius graniferus Kien Nassarius glans Linne Nassarius concinnus Powis Pisanm ignea Gmelin Cantharus undosus Linne Latirus bar clay i Reeve Pristernia incarnata Deshayes Peristernia caledonica Petit Peristernia chlorostoma Gray Vasum turbinellum Linne Pusia lanta Reeve Pusia arenosa Lamarck Pusia crocata Lamarck Pusm aureolata Swainson Pusia sp.* Mitra mitra Linne Mitra ambigua Swainson Mitra papilio Link Mitra stictica Link Mitra cylindrica Reeve Mitra acuminata Swainson Mitra ostergaardi Pilsbry Mitra microstoma Sowerby Mitra chrysalis Reeve Cylindromitra glans Reeve Cylindromitra crenulata Gme- lin Scabricula cucumerina La- marck Scabricula ferruginea Lamarck Mitrella figula Duclos Strigatella paupercula Lamarck Strigatella golischi Dall* Tiara filaris Linne Tiara rufescens A. Ads. Vexillum gruneri Reeve* Turricula corbicula Sowerby* Oliva annulata Gmelin Oliva sericea miniacea Roding Oliva sandwichensis Pease Ilarpa amouretta Roding

July, 1953]

THE NAUTILUS

17

Erosaria (Ravitrona) helvola

Linne Erosaria (Ravitrona) labro-

lineata Gaskoin* Erronea caurica Linne Luria (Basilatrona) Isabella

Linne Cribraria (Cribraria) cribraria

Linne

(Talostolida) teres

(Arabica) histrio

Cribraria

Gmelin Peribolus

Gmelin Peribolus (Arabica) depressa

Gray Bistolida (Bistolida) hirundo

Linne Monetaria (Monetaria) moneta

Linne Monetaria (Ornamentaria) an-

nulua Linne Pustularia globulus Linne Pustulariabistrinotata Schilder Nuclearia nucleus Linne Quimalea pomum Linne Phalium vibex Linne Cymatium gemmatum Reeve Cymatium pileare Linne Cymatium aquatile Reeve Cymatium labrosum Wood Charonia tritonis Linne Distorsio anus Linne Bursa cruentata Sowerby Bursa granulans Roding Ranularia ( Cutturnium )

ricina Roding* Chicoreus sp.*

mu-

Clavus auricidiferus Lamarck*

Terebra maculaia Linne

Terebra crenulata Linne

Terebra straminea Gray

Terebra striata Quoy and Gaim- ard

Terebra funiculata Hinds

Terebra sp.*

Conus omaria Hwass

Conus tulipa Linne

Conus glans Hwass

Conus nussatella Linne

Conus praelatus Hwass*

Conus vitulinus Hwass

Conus imperialis Linne

Conus senator Linne

Conus pulicarius Hwass

Comes capitaneus Linne

Conus rattus Hwass

Conus ermineus Born

Conus marmoreus Linne

Conus chaldens Roding*

Conus ebraeus Linne

Conns eburneus Hwass

Conus abbas Hwass

Conus lividus Hwass

Conus miliaris Hwass

Conus miles Linne

Conus fabula Sowerby

Imbricaria conica Schumacher

Imbricaria sp.*

Xenuroturris angulifera La- marck

Turris sp.*

Solidula glabra Reeve*

Bulla ampulla Linne

Acknowledgments : Edwin H. Bryan, Jr., Curator of Collec- tions, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, prepared the map (fig. 1) ; Harald A. Rehder, J. P. E. Morrison, and R. T. Abbott of the United States National Museum, Washington, D. C. checked the identifications of the specimens; Carl 0. Dunbar, Director of Peabody Museum of Natural History, New Haven, Connecticut encouraged the writers to prepare this data for publication. All this aid is gratefully acknowledged.

18 THE NAUTILUS [Vol. 67 (1)

Plate 4

Species from the collection that are unusual or not figured in readily available conchology books.

Note. — Unless otherwise indicated, all figures are natural size.

1. Chlamys squamosus ? Gmelin, x2. (Eich yellow)

2. Comptopecten spiceri Eehder. (Ivory and pale red)

3. Pinguitellina micella Dall, Bartsch & Eehder, x2. (Pale yellow)