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CATALOGUE
^^^'"^
OF
THE SYRIAC MANUSCRIPTS
IN
THE BRITISH MUSEUM,
ACQUIRED SINCE THE YEAR 1838.
BT
W. WRIGHT, LL.D.,
PROFE880B OF AEABIC IN THE UNITEBSITY OP CAMBBIDGE, AND PELLOW OP QTTEEKS' COIXEaE, I^IE ASSISTANT EEEFEB OF THE MSS. IN THE BBITISB MUSEUM.
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.
i^i^
SOLD AT THE BEITISH MUSEUM;
AND BT
LONGMANS & CO., 38 to 41, PATERNOSTER ROW; B. M. PICKERING, 196, PICCADILLY;
AND ASHER & CO., 13, BEDFORD STREET, COVENT GARDEN,
AND 11, UNTER DEN LINDEN, BERLIN.
1872.
LONDON :
OILBEST AND RIVINGTON, PKINTEE8,
52, ST. JOHN'S SQUAEE, AND 28, WHITEFKIAKS STREET, B.C.
\J \ \ i> ^ ^^«»> \ 11 \^\^»\S^i\ *-* > \ ? \ \ AH^ w \W ^ C** U Yw ^
\\N
CATALOGUE
OF THE
SYRIAC MANUSCRIPTS
IN
THE BRITISH MUSEUM,
ACQUIRED SINCE THE YEAR 1838.
BY
W. WRIGHT, LL.D.,
PEOFESSOB or AEABIC IN THE UNIVEESITT OP CAMBEIDGIE, AKD LATE ASSISTANT EEEFES OF THE USS. IN THE BBIIISE UlTSEUH.
Paet III.
PRINTED BY ORDER OE THE TRUSTEES,
SOLD AT THE BRITISH MUSEUM;
AND BY
LONGMANS & CO., 38 to 41, PATERNOSTER ROW ; B. M. PICKERING, 196, PICCADILLY ;
AND ASHER & CO., 13, BEDFORD STREET, CO VENT GARDEN,
AND 11, UNTER DEN LINDEN, BERLIN.
1872.
LOITDON :
OllBEET AND RIVIKOTON, PRINTERS,
52, ST. JOHN'S SQUARE, AND 28, WHITEFRIARS STREET, E.C.
i
This volume, which is the third and last Part of the new Catalogue of the Syriac Manuscripts in the British Museum, comprises the Classes of History, lives of Saints and Martyrdoms, and Scientific Literature; to which are added two Appendices, namely, Notes and Additions to the Catalogue of Eosen and Forshall, and a Description of the Mandaitic Manuscripts in the Taylor Collection. Several Indices conclude the work. A general Preface is prefixed, giving a history of the Nitrian Collection and an estimate of its literary value.
>
CHAELES EIEU,
KEEPEB OV THE OBIENTAL HS8.
November llth, 1872.
PREFACE.
I. When the late Dr. Rosen and Mr. Porshall edited, in the year 1838, their Catalogue of the Syriac and Karshunl MSS. in the British Museum,* the entire collection consisted of only seventy-eight volunies,t no less than sixty-six of which once belonged to Mr. C. J. Rich, British Consul at Bagdad, who had acquired most of them at Mosul in 1820. Among these were several books of considerable antiquity and value — such as a Nestorian copy of the New Testament, dated A.D. 768 (no. xiii.) ; several Harklensian copies of the Gospels (nos. xix. — xxiii.) ; a Jacobite Masora (no. xlii.) ; Acts of early Persian Martyrs (no. lix.) ; the Chronicle of Elias bar Shlnaya (no. Ivi.); the second part of the History of Bar Hebrseus (no. Ivii.), and the rduio-s rtisAv^, or larger Grammar (no. Ix.), and other works of the same author — but, on the whole, the collection was inferior, both in number and quality to those at Oxford J and Paris, § not to mention the more celebrated one in the Vatican at Rome. |1
II. A few years, however, sufficed to produce a great change. Between 1838 and 1864, the British Museum was enriched with no less than five hundred and eighty-one volumes, Syriac, Karshuni and Mandaitic, the greater number of which were procured from a single place, the Convent of S. Mary Deipara in the Nitrian desert in Egypt.lf
The Nitrian valley (^Ji^^ <^'^h> Wadi 'l-Natrun, the Nitre-valley, or uj-^l ^, Birkat al-Natrun, the Nitre-lake) is situated between thirty and thirty-one degrees of
• Catalogus codicum manuscriptorum orientalium qui in Museo Britannico asservantur. Pars prima, codices Syriacos et Carshunicos amplectens. Londini : mdcccxxxviii.
t Rosen and Porshall, however, included only seventy- six; having omitted to notice Harl. 5512 and Sloane 3597. See nos. cclxxxiii. and ccciv. of this Catalogue.
X See Catalog! codicum manuscriptorum bibliothecae Bodleiana; pars sexta, codices Syriacos, Carshunicos, Mendaeos, complectens. Confecit E. Payne Smith, A.M., hypo-bibliothecarius. Oxonli: m.dccc.lxiv.
§ Of this collection a Catalogue is now in the press.
II See the Bibliotheca Orientalis Clementino-Vaticana of J. S. Assemani, 4 vols, fol., Rome 1719 — 28 ; and his Bibliothecae Apostolicse Vaticanae codicum manu-
scriptorum catalogus in tres partes distributus, etc. Partis primsB tomus primus, complectens codices Ebraicos et Samaritanos. Romas, 1756. Tomus secundus et tomus tertius, complectens codices Chaldaicos sive Syriacos, Ibid., 1758 et 1759, 3 vols. fol. [The third volume is not in the library of the British Museum.] A supplement to this work, containing descriptions of Arabic, Persian and Turkish manuscripts, was edited by Cardinal Mai in his Scriptorum veterum nova collectio, t. iv., pars 2''*, regarding which consult the preface to the same volume, pp. vi. etc.
IT Part of the contents of the following paragraphs is derived from an article by the late Dr. Cureton in the Quarterly Review, no. cliii., and from his pre&ce to the Festal Letters of Athanasius (London, 1848).
11
PEEFACE.
north latitude and as many of east longitude, about thirty-five miles to the left of the most western branch of the Nile. To the early Christians it was known as the desert of Scete (Sk^tv or5«rr«, rtiV'WK', ►V«*< to^""^' ^'^^)* and it was also called the desert of Abba Macarius (^'JU y i^). Muhammadans generally name it TFddz Hablb, or the valley of Habib.t after one of the companions of the Prophet, who is said to have withdrawn to its solitudes during the troubles of the caliphate of 'Othman. It is traversed every year by the caravan of Maghrib! pilgrims on its way to Mecca. European travellers usually approach it from the village of Tarranah (Aii>, rdaiirdi^, TEpEitovei) on the Nile. J
This valley has been celebrated as the resort of Christian ascetics from the earliest times. About the middle of the second century we read of one Pronto or Prontonius, who retired thither with seventy brethren. At the beguining of the fourth century, Ammon, the reputed origmator of monasticism in Egypt, withdrew from the world to this spot.§ A few years later, the celebrated Macarius instituted the first monastic establishment in that part of the valley which to this day bears his name ; and the number of ascetics increased in a short time to an almost incredible amount. Euffinus, who visited the valley about A.D. 372, mentions some fifty convents or tabemaciola ; and Palladius, who, fifteen years later, passed twelve months here, reckons the devotees at upwards of five thousand ;|| whilst he elsewhere mentions that three thousand were assembled at the feet of Abba Or.lf Jerome visited Nitria about the same time ; and from the narratives of these three writers, and the accounts of Evagrius and Cassianus, we can gather an accurate knowledge of the manners, customs and pursuits of the monks as far back as the end of the fourth century. At the beginning of the seventh century, Joannes Moschus found the Nitrian desert still thickly peopled, for he states the number of the fathers, on good authority, at three thousand
• The name of Scete is derived from the Coptic tyiHX or tyJgHT", the supposed derivation of which from JiiJI, fierpov, aradfiof, and gHT, Kapiia, vovs, has given rise to the translations r^dX ^^'h\ , r^h\r^iesn W* ~i TO it.l , and cjjl«)l fj\~» . See QuatremSre, M6moires gcographiques et historiques sur I'Egypte, t i., pp. 461 etc.; Nicoll, Bibl. Bodl. codd. MSS. Orientt catalog! partis 2<'« volumen primum Arabicos complectens (Oxon., 1821), p. 37, note h, and the Addenda et Emendanda, p. 499.
+ So the name is pronounced both by Quatremdre and Wustenfeld; but the Calcutta Klamus gives Hubaib, Jiu ^^ «_--^ . Quatremfire calls him al-Fazarl, but in a MS. of al-MaVrizi's Khitat ma'l-Athdr, Add. 7317, fol. 140 6, I find ^Jiail In a MS. of the Isti'db of Ibn 'Abd al-Barr, Or. 834, dated A.H. 564, his name is written (fol. 25 a) i^Ji^\ Jit* jy> v*-A ; whereas in a MS. of al- Dhahabi's Tajrid Asnia al-^ahdhah, Add. 7359, dated A.H. 721, he is called (fol. 175 a) Hubaib ibn Mughfil
al-Ghifari, Jii. ijV JJ Jj^^J^ ^j *' ij}i^\ J«i. ^_
'*L1 C^ Jail 45V
t See Curzon, Visits to Monasteries in the Levant, 5th edit., p. 90 ; Tischendorf, Reise in den Orient (Leipzig, 1846), Y' Bd, p. 110.
§ "A quo per Dei gratiam primum jacta sunt fiin- damenta conversationis eorum fratrum qui nunc in monte Nitriaa commorantur." Vita sancti Pachomii, cap. i., in Migne, Patrologise cursus completus, Vitse Patrum, t. 73, col. 231.
II Migne, loc. cit., col. 1098 : " In eo autem habitant ad quinque millia virorum, qui utuntur vario vitiB genere, unusquisque ut potest et vult, adeo ut liceat et solum manere, et cum duobus, et tribus, et cum quo velit uumero. In hoc monte sunt septem pistrinse, quje et illis serviunt, et anachoretis qui sunt in vasta solitudine, viris perfectis, numero sexcentis."
^ Migne, loc. cit., col. 1101 : " quo factum est ut ad eum convenirent tria millia monachorum. "
PREFACE.
m
five hundred.* After this period Arabic writers are our principal source of in- formation, the chief of these being the Muhammadan historian Abu 1- Abbas Ahmad ibn All al-Makrizi, who died A.H. 845=A.D. 1441 — 2,t and the Christian authors, Severus ibn al-Mukaffa', bishop of al-TJshmunain, J and Georgius al-Mak!n, ^jUIj«U!I ^1 j ^! joc jj^Il ^\i uJjyuJt, who died A.H. 672=A.D. 1273 — 4. It is, however, foreign to my present purpose to give a detailed history of the ascetics of Scete. I shall therefore content myself with having indicated these sources of information to the reader, and hereafter confine myself almost exclusively to the Syrian convent.
III. According to al-Makrizi,§ there were of old a hundred monasteries in the Nitrian valley, but in his time only seven survived. || He enumerates, it is true, as many as eleven, but some of these he expressly mentions as being forsaken or in ruins. At the present day only four continue to subsist : namely, those of Macarius the Great, j^ ^ jJ ; of Amba (or Abba) Bishai (or Bishoi), ^JJLi y^j or ^jlij Ijul^ii ; of S. Mary Deipara or of
the Syrians, ^oV./^l J.'^l and of Baramus, also dedicated to the blessed Virgin, [j-yoji 'isx^ jfi . It is with the third of these, and with the valuable library which it once contained, that we have now chiefly to deal.
That books should at all times have been abundant in the hands of the ancient Egyptian ascetics was only to be expected. There were among them men of high station and great refinement (such as Arsenius, the preceptor of the emperors Arcadius and Honorius), who, although they had forsaken the world, could not cut themselves off from this one source of pleasure, and still spent a portion of their time in reading not only sacred but also profane literature. If Bibles and Prayer-books abounded in the desert, yet many a cell contained a copy of the Iliad, of the Organon of Aristotle, or of the Elements of Euclid. Euifinus tells a story of an abbat Anastasius, who possessed a Bible valued at eighteen soLidi,1f which proved too great a temptation to a brother bibliophile; and not every monk of his day would have answered the inquiry of the philosopher in the same terms as Antony is reported to have done.** In point of fact, every convent had its library, to which weU-wishers, whether members of the fraternity
• Migne, op. cit., t. 74, col. 178: "erant autem ibi patres quasi ter mille et quingenti."
t His history of the Copts, the concluding portion of
the great work entitled ^IjVIj kki'ljo ^i .LaiVI^ kcl^l v^
has been edited, with a German translation, by Wiisten- feld, in the Abhandlungen der konigl. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen, 3'" Bd ; and separately, Gottingen, 1845. The entire work has been printed at Biili^. iH.if. fno
X On whose work Renaudot chiefly relied in compiling his Historia Patriarcharum Alexandrinorum Jacobitarum (Paris, 1713). The portion actually composed by Severus comes down only to A.D. 781, but the con-
tinuation extends to A.D. 1251.
§ Geschichte der Copten, pp. i»o and 109.
II Compare Tischendorf, Reise in den Orient, 1" Bd, p. 131.
IT Migne, op. cit., t. 73, col. 757: "habebat codicem in pergamenis valde optlmis scriptum, qui decem et octo valebat solidis."
** Migne, op. cit., t. 73, col. 1018 : " Philosophus quidam interrogavit sanctum Antonium : Quomodo, inquit, contentus es, pater, qui codicum consolatione fraudaris ? lUe respondit : Mens codex, philosopbe, natura rerum est creatarum, quae mihi, quoties verba Dei legere cupio, adesse consuevit."
vr
PREFACE.
or not, contributed according to their inclination or their means. In this respect the library of the Syrian convent of S. Mary Deipara seems to have been peculiarly fortunate. It received contributions from every part of the vast region throughout which Syriac was spoken, but more especially from the city of Tagrit, or Tekrit, and from Tagritans who resided in Egypt.* The General Index will supply the reader with the names of many such donors. But its chief benefactor was its own abbat, Moses the Nisibene, evidently a man of taste and an ardent lover of literature. He entered the convent as early as A.D. 907, bringing with him the book of Ecclesiasticus as a present from the family of Abu '1-Bashar 'Abdu 'Hah of Tagrit (no. cliv.). Before A.D. 927 he had been elected abbat, and was sent in that year to Bagdad to procure from the caliph al-Muktadir bi'llah the remission of the poll-tax which had been demanded from the monks. t In this errand he was successful, and making an extensive journey through Mesopotamia and Syria, he returned home in 932, bringing with him no less than two hundred and fifty volumes, which he had procured partly by purchase and partly as presents. Many of these very manuscripts are now deposited in the British Museum, and are in most instances conspicuous above their fellows for age and value. He continued, moreover, to employ part of the funds of the monastery in increasing its library; for a copy of the Harklensian Gospels (no. cxx.) was transcribed for him in 936, and a volume of Lives of Saints in the same year (no. dccccliii.). The latest mention of him is in 943, when the manuscript now represented by the fragment Add. 14,525, foil. 1—10 (no. dxiv.) reached the convent. The language of the note, in which its arrival is recorded, bears testimony to the esteem in which he was held: "in the days of our boast and the ornament of the whole holy Church, Mar Moses, abbat of the convent." Towards the end of the same century, Abraham or Ephraim, patriarch of Alexandria from 977 to 981, seems to have been a liberal donor to the library of S. Mary Deipara (see nos. cccxlvii., ccclii., dxli,, and dccxiv.). Indeed, as late as the beginning of the sixteenth century, we find another abbat of the monastery, by name Severus or Cyriacus, attempting something in the same way for the good of the community (no. Ixv.) ; but long ere his time the evil days had come. From the twelfth century onwards the books lay neglected, with the exception of those required for the daily services. More than one monk lifts up his voice in lamentation over the mass of mouldermg tomes which found no readers (see pp. 460, 612) ; whUst a feeble brother acknowledges that he had read part of a book without understanding a single word (no. dxxxii.). As early as A.D. 1194 we find it recorded that a certain monk repaired and bound about a hundred volumes out of " this mass of books, which were mutilated and torn by reason of their age and their use by the brethren" (p. 497). In 1222 the library was again examined and renovated (p. 74) ; and the process was repeated in 1493 (p. 1200), when it was doubtless in a very bad condition, as the monastery
• See, for example, nos. liii., ccxix. — ccxxii., dlxxii., dcclii., dcclxxx., dccccxliii., etc. What was the nature of the connection between the city and the convent I cannot at present saj.
t See al-Makrizi's Geschichte der Copten, ed. Wiis- tenfeld, pp. re and 62; and Cureton, the Festal Letters of Athanasius, preface, p. xxiy.
PREFACE. V
had in the interval become almost deserted, being tenanted in 1413 by a solitary monk (no. mxxxii.), whereas in more prosperous times it had harboured as many as seventy (p. 1111). Another restoration took place in 1624, when the library comprised four hun- dred and three volumes* (p. 305). This was probably the last effort made by the monks themselves for the preservation of their books ; and we have, perhaps, reason to be thankful that they withheld their hands. If, even in the tenth or eleventh century, the transcribing of a volume of sermons brought with it the destruction of a Greek poet or a Latin historian, and the binding of a new lectionary furnished an opportunity for utilising the relics of hoar antiquity, what could be expected from the barbarism of the fifteenth or seven- teenth century ?
IV. Erom this time onwards our knowledge of the condition of the Nitrian convents is derived from the statements of European travellers, many of which have been collected by Dr. Cureton in his article on the Nitrian MSS. in the Quarterly Review, no. cliii.t
The first to make mention in. modern times of the treasures of the desert was a capuchin monk called Egidius Lochiensis (Giles de Losches), who, as Gassend informs us in his life of N. C. E. de Peiresc, told this latter scholar, in 1633, that there existed in several of the Egyptian convents large quantities of manuscripts, and that he himself had seen in one of them a collection of about eight thousand volumes, many of which were as old as the time of S. Antony. J This statement is of course greatly exaggerated, but it can hardly be doubted that the capuchin had really gained access to the library of the convent of Macarius or that of S. Mary Deipara.§
* The actual number of manuscripts was doubtless far larger, as two or three were often bound together.
t See also Ritter's Erdkunde, Afrika, 2'= Ausgabe (Berlin, 1822), p. 860.
i Viri illustris N. C. F. de Peiresc, senatoris Aqui- sextiensis, vita (Paris, 1641), p. 269.
§ Even before this time, however, some MSS. from the Nitrian desert had found their way into Europe. Two such are in the Ambrosian Library at Milan ; viz.
1. MS. C. 313. Inf , the splendid manuscript of a great part of the Hexaplar version of the Old Testament, which is now being photo-lithographed under the superin tendance of the principal librarian, the Eev. Dr. Ceriani. It is of the viii*"" cent. On fol. 193 b is this note : »eooAuK'
^ImO.* r^iai .V<k. t<ll^ r<'ia.i am . r^jL^TCmo.l AjK'ia^ ti-SS.l T^^jxca^ ^.l ; ^nd immediately below, in the handwriting of Antonio Giggeo (Giggeius), who was one of the Doctors of the Ambrosian at its foundation, and who died in 1634: "Hie liber emptus
est ex Monasterio Sanctaa Mariae matris Dei in deserto Schitin, quod est Monasterium Cbaidaeorum. Codex antiquissimus."
2. MS. B. 21. Inf., the Old Testament, with the Apo- crypha, Peshitta version, now bound in two volumes. According, to Ceriani, it is of about the vi*!" cent., " del secolo vi circa." Early in the xi'^" cent, it was purchased by Abii All Zakarlya the Tagritan (see nos. cccxix. — cccxxii.) for the convent of S. Mary Deipara. See the notes on foil. 1 a and 330 a. On fol. 330 6 we »-ead in the hand of Giggeo : " Codex hie advectus ex ^gypto, emptus a Monasterio S. Mariae matris Dei in deserto Schytin."
At what time the Parisian manuscript, Bibl. Nation., no. v., anc. fonds, was brought to Europe, I cannot say, but it has been long in its present resting-place. It is made up, as Ceriani informs me, of two parts ; viz.
a. The fourth book of Kings, according to the Hexaplar version. This manuscript was written for the convent of Mar Cyriacus at Telia Haphlkha, and be- longed to the same set as nos. lii. and liii. It was presented to the convent of the Syrians by the sons
b
VI
PREFACE.
Wansleb, who travelled in Egypt in 1664, mentions that one of the four convents in the desert of Scete possessed many Syriac manuscripts ; * and in the account of his second journey, in the years 1672 and 1673, he again speaks of these monasteries, which he was unfortunately prevented from visiting-t Subsequently he got access to the library of the convent of S. Antony, J which he describes as consisting of three or four chests full of Arabic and Coptic manuscripts, § all containing devotional works and church- services, but some of them worthy of a place in a royal library. He found the monks unwilling to part with any of the volumes, for fear of incurring at the hands of their patriarch the excommunication which was inscribed in each.
The next to visit the Nitrian desert was our own countryman Robert Huntington, afterwards provost of Trinity College, Dublin, and subsequently bishop of Raphoe, whose splendid collection of oriental MSS. now adorns the Bodleian Library. Huntington, who was then chaplain at Aleppo, seems to have been most anxious to procure the Syriac version of the epistles of Ignatius, to the existence of which archbishop Ussher had called attention in the preface to his edition. Not being able to obtain them in Syria, he turned his thoughts to Egypt, whither he proceeded in 1678 or 1679, and made his way to the Natron lakes. It seems certain, however, that he did not gain access to the library of S. Mary Deipara, for the only book which he mentions || was a copy of the Old Testament in the Estrangela character, in two large volumes; whereas no less than two copies of the very work which he was seeking existed at that time in the convent.
After Huntington came Gabriel Eva, a monk of the order of S. Antony, and abbat of S. Maura on Mount Lebanon.! Being sent on a mission to the pope by Stephen, the Maronite patriarch of Antioch, he was despatched from Rome into Egypt ; and, on his return to Italy in 1706, gave so glowing an account of the libraries of the Nitrian convents as to excite the interest of Clement XI. It happened that Elias Assemani, a cousin of the more famous Joseph Simon Assemani, was then on the point of returning to Syria, and the pope resolved to make use of his services in an attempt to secure some of these treasures. Furnished with letters to the Coptic patriarch, he left Rome in the spring of 1707, and was very kindly received both at Cairo and in the Syrian monastery. The library he found to be a sort of cave or cellar, filled with Arabic, Syriac, and Coptic MSS., heaped together in utter disorder, and falling to pieces through age and want of care. To
of Duma Sba{ir the Tagritan, of Callinicus (see nos. liii. and mix.).
b. The book of Daniel, according to the recension of Jacob of Edessa. It belonged to the same set as nos. Ix. and Ixi., and was completed early in A.D. 720. The monks of S. Mary Deipara received it as a present from the above mentioned Tagritans.
It should also be remarked that Abraham Ecchellensis possessed a volume which once belonged to the Syrian con- vent and was one of the two hundred and fifty conveyed thither by Moses of Nisibis. See Assemani, Bibl. Or., t i., p. 576, no. xvi. It is a copy of the works of
John of Dara. See Assemani, Bibl. Or., t. ii., p. 118.
• See Paulus, Sammlung der merkwiirdigsten Eeisen in den Orient, 3'" Theil (Jena, 1794), p. 96.
t Ibid., p. 248.
I Ibid., p. 302.
§ That there were at least some Syriac manuscripts among them is not improbable. See pp. 579, 580, of the present work.
II See his letter to Dr. Allix, dated March 21, 169f, in the Epistola, edited by Dr. T. Smith (London, 1704), p. 68.
1 See Assemani, Bibl. Or., t. i., preface, § vii.
PEEPACE.
vu
his mortification, however, the monks, frightened by the anathemas inserted in almost every volume against those who should be in any way instrumental in alienating it, turned a deaf ear to his request for the sale of the whole collection, and were only with difficulty persuaded to part with thirty-four volumes, one of which was in Arabic* With these Ehas Assemani hastened to the banks of the Nile, and embarked on board a boat for Cairo, accompanied by one of the monks. A sudden squall upset the boat, the books went to the bottom, and the monk was drowned ; but another boat picked up Assemani, who imme- diately hired some men to recover the manuscripts, and, having cleaned and dried them carefully, brought them in safety to the Vatican about Christmas 1707. The strangers were not, however, viewed with equal favour by all around the Pope. Some thought they were rubbish ; others declared that they contained nothing but the services of the Syrian Church ; others still maintained that they ought to be destroyed, as coming from heretical lands, " quasi vero Hbri," says Assemani, " perinde atque homines, cceli vitio inficiantur." Better counsels however prevailed, and the result was that the manuscripts were handed over to the care of J. S. Assemani, who was sent to Egypt in 1715 f for the purpose of procuring more. On reaching Scete, his first visit was to the convent of Macarius, where he obtained some excellent Coptic manuscripts ; $ and these, he says, were all that the monks possessed of any value. Thence he proceeded to S. Mary Deipara, where he found about two hundred Syriac manuscripts, all of which he examined, and selected about a hundred, in the hopes of being able to purchase them. His design was, however, frustrated; the monks were obstinate; and in the end he carried off only a few volumes, but of great value. §
In the interval between the journeys of the two Assemanis, namely, in December 1712, the convents of Nitria had been visited by the Jesuit Claude Sicard. || He makes no particular mention of the books in either S. Macarius or S. Mary Deipara, but merely says that there was in each a library, consisting of three or four chests full of old dusty tomes. This Jesuit revisited the desert with J. S. Assemani in 1715 ; If and, on his return to Egypt in the following year, accompanied him in his expedition across the Thebaid to the convents of S. Antony and S. Paul, near the coast of the Eed Sea.** There Assemani pro- cured but few manuscripts, and those were, according to Sicard, purchased from the superior without the knowledge of the monks, who would not have allowedthe sale to take place, although they themselves made no use whatever of the books.ft Assemani himself returned to Rome, laden with the spoils of the East, in January 1717 ; and it must be admitted that he and other members of his family made a noble use of the treasures thus acquired. The Bibliotheca Orientalis, the Catalogue of the Vatican Library, the edition of the works
• See the Bibl. Or., t. i., pp. 561—572, where they are briefly catalogued.
t See the Bibl. Or., t. i., preface, section xi.
J Bibl. Or., t. i., pp. 617—619.
§ Bibl. Or., t. i., p. 606.
II See Paulus, Sammlung der merkwiirdigsten Keisen
in den Orient, 5'" Bd, p. 15.
^ See Paulus, loc. ciL, p. 126. On this point Assemani is silent.
** See Paulus, loc. cit., p. 127 ; and Assemani, Bibl. Or., t. i., preface, section xi., near the end.
tt Paulus, loc. cit, p. 140.
ft*
PREFACE.
of Ephraim, and the Kalendaria Ecclesise Universae, have immortalised his name ; whilst the Acta Sanctorum and the Codex Liturgicus Ecclesise Universae bear testimony to the learning of his nephew Stephen Evodius, and of a cousin of the latter, Joseph Aloysius Assemani.
In 1730 the Sieur Granger * made a journey to the Natron lakes, and was kindly received by the monks, but tried in vain to see their libraries. Their patriarch represented to them that the sum which the books would fetch would suffice to restore their decaying churches and mouldering cells ; but they answered him, that they would rather be buried in the ruins than part with their manuscripts.
In 1778 C. S. Sonnini visited the valley.t Of the monks of Baramus he says, that they were not to be prevailed upon to part with any of their books, although they never read them, but suffered them to lie about on the ground, eaten by vermin and covered with dust. He is the only traveller who has spoken harshly of the monks, of whose avarice and extortion he makes bitter complaints.
A few years after, Sonnini was followed by the English traveller Browne,^ whose report is far more favourable to the poor ascetics. " I inquired," says he, " for manuscripts, and saw in one of the convents several books in the Coptic, Syriac, and Arabic languages. Among these were an Arabo-Coptic Lexicon, the works of St. Gregory, and the Old and New Testament in Arabic. The Superior told me they had nearly eight hundred volumes, but positively refused to part with any of them, nor could I see any more."
The next account of this place is that by General Andreossi,§ who was there in 1799. According to him the only books possessed by the monks were "ascetic works in manuscript, on parchment or cotton-paper, some in Arabic, and some in Coptic, having an Arabic translation in the margin. We brought away," he adds, " some of this latter class, which appear to be six centuries old."
In 1828 the late Lord Prudhoe made an excursion to the monasteries, and com- municated to Dr. Cureton the following account of his visit : ||
" In 1828 I began to make inquiries for Coptic works having Arabic translations, in order to assist Mr. Tattam in his Coptic and Arabic Dictionary. On a visit to the Coptic bishop at Cairo, I learnt that there was in existence a celebrated Selim [Ju] or Lexicon in Coptic and Arabic, of which one copy was in Cairo, and another in one of the Coptic convents of the Natron Lakes, called Baramous, besides which, libraries were said to be preserved both at the Baramous and the Syrian convents. In October 1828, Mr. Linant sent his dromedaries to Terane, on the west bank of the Nile, where the natron manufactory was established by the pacha, and on the next day Mr. Linant and I embarked in a cangia on the Nile, and dropped down to Terane, where we landed. Mounting our dromedaries, we rode to the Baramous convent, and encamped outside its walls. The monks in
* Sec his Journey through Egypt, etc., translated from the French by J. B. Forster. It forms an appendix to Mr. Forster's translation of Baron Riedesel's Travels through Sicily, etc. (London, 1773).
t Travels in Upper and Lower Egypt, translated from the French (London, 1800), p. 337.
I W. G. Browne, Travels in Africa, Egypt and
Syria, from the year 1792 to 1798 (London, 1799), p. 42.
§ Memoire sur la Vallee des Lacs de Natron et celle du Fleuve sans Eau, d' apr^s la reconnaissance faite les 4, 5, 6, 7 et 8 Pluviose I'an 7 de la Republique Franfaise. A scarce little volume, printed at Cairo.
II See Cureton's article in the Quarterly Review, no. cliii., p. 51.
PEEFACE. ix
this convent, about twelve in number, appeared poor and ignorant. They looked on us with great jealousy, and denied having any books except those in the church, which they showed. We remained with them till night, and in some degree softened their disposition towards us by presents of some comforts and luxuries of which their situation in the desert deprived them. On the following morning we again visited the monks, and so far succeeded in making friends of them that in a moment of good humour they agreed to show us their library. From it I selected a certain number of manuscripts, which, with the Selim, we carried into the monks' room. A long deliberation ensued among these monks how far they were disposed to agree to my offers to purchase them. Only one could write, and at last it was agreed that he should copy the Selim, which copy, and the manuscripts which I had selected, were to be mine in exchange for a fixed sum in dollars, to which I added a present of rice, coffee, tobacco, and such other articles as I had to offer. Future visitors would escape the suspicions with which we were received, and might perhaps hear how warmly we had endeavoured to purchase and carry away the original Selim. Next we visited the Syrian convent, where similar suspicions were at first shown, and were overcome by similar civilities. Here I purchased a few manuscripts with Arabic translations. We then visited the two other convents, but found little of consequence. These manuscripts I presented to Mr. Tattam, and gave him an account of the small room with its trap-door, through which I descended, candle in hand, to examine the manuscripts, where books and parts of books, and scattered leaves, in Coptic, Ethiopic, Syriac, and Arabic, were lying in a mass, on which I stood. From this I handed to Mr. Linant such as appeared best suited to my purpose, as he stood in the small room above the trap-door. To appearance it seemed as if on some sudden emergency the whole library had been thrown for security down this trap-door, and that they had remained undisturbed in their dust and neglect for some centuries."
About nine years after Lord Prudhoe, in March 1837, tlie Honourable R. Curzon (now Lord de la Zouche) turned his steps from Cairo towards the Nitrian convents. The curious reader may find an account of his visit in the seventh and eighth chapters of that amusing work "Visits to Monasteries in the Levant" (5th edition, 1865), from which I make the following extracts.
" In the morning," says Mr. Curzon, p. 96, " I went to see the church and all the other wonders of the place, and on making inquiries about the library, was conducted by the old abbot, who was blind, and was constantly accompanied by another monk, into a small upper room in the great square tower, where we found several Coptic manuscripts. Moat of these were lying on the floor, but some were placed in niches in the stone wall. They were all on paper, except three or four. One of these was a superb manuscript of the Gospels, with commentaries by the early fathers of the church ; two others were doing duty as coverings to a couple of large open pots or jars, which had contained preserves, long since evaporated. I was allowed to purchase these vellum manuscripts, as they were considered to be useless by the monks, principally, I believe, because there were no more preserves in the jars. On the floor I found a fine Coptic and Arabic dictionary. I was aware of the existence of this volume, with which they refused to part. I placed it in one of the niches in the wall ; and some years afterwards it was purchased for me by a friend, who sent it to England after it had been copied at Cairo. They sold me two imperfect dictionaries, which I discovered loaded with dust upon the ground. Besides these, I did not see any other books but those of the liturgies for various holy days. These were large folios on cotton paper, most of them of considerable antiquity, and well begrimed with dirt."
"We returned to the great tower," proceeds Mr. Curzon, p. 98, "and ascended the steep flight of steps which led to its door of entrance. We then descended a narrow staircase to the oil-cellar, a handsome vaulted room, where we found a range of immense vases which formerly contained the oil, but which now on being struck returned a mournful hollow sound. There was nothing else to be seen : there were no books here : but taking the candle from the hands of one of the brethren (for they had all wandered in after us, having nothing else to do), I discovered a narrow low door, and, pushing it open, entered into a small closet vaulted with stone which was filled to the depth of two feet or more with the loose leaves of the Syriac manuscripts which now form one of the chief treasures of the British Museum. Here I remained for some time turning over the leaves and digging into the mass of loose
C
X PEEFACE.
vellum pages ; by which exertions I raised such a cloud of fine pungent dust that the monks relieved each other in holding our only candle at the door, while the dust made us sneeze incessantly as we turned over tlie scattered leaves of vellum. I had extracted four books, the only ones I could find which seemed to be tolerably perfect, when two monks who were struggling in the corner pulled out a great big manuscript of a brown and musty appearance and of prodigious weight, which was tied together with a cord." *
* Lord de la Zonche has described his manuscript treasures in a volume entitled " Catalogue of Materials for Writing, early Writings on Tablets and Stones, rolled and other Manuscripts and Oriental manuscript Books, in the Library of the Honourable Robert Curzon, at Parham in the county of Sussex" (London, 1849). Of the three manuscripts, which he carried off from S. Mary Deipara, he describes, at p. 12, two as each containing the first thirty sermons of Gregory Nazianzen, translated into Syriac by Jacob of Edessa. One of these he ascribes to the eighth or ninth century, as it professes to have been copied from a manuscript dated A. Gr. 1045 = A.D. 734. The other is actually dated A.H. 2C3 = A.D. 876-7. I cannot help thinking that Lord de la Zouche has made a mistake as to the name of the translator, and that these volumes exhibit the version of the abbat Paul (see nos. dlv. — dlviii.). It would certainly be strange, if he should have accidentally secured the only two copies of Jacob's translation that were in the Nitrian library, since none exists in the British Museum, and it was known to Assemani only on the authority of Bar Hebraus (Bibl. Or., t. ii., p. 307).
Of the third manuscript I drew up a description in 1867, when it was in the hands of the Rev. Dr. Ceriani, to whom Lord de la Zouche had kindly lent it. This description I subjoin, premising that the first four leaves of the volume, which, as I at once saw, belonged to Add. 14,532 (no. dccclviii.) were most liberally pre- sented by the owner to the Trustees of the British Museum.
A volume made up of two distinct manuscripts.
1. Foil. 1—56. Vellum, of 66 leaves. The quires, signed with letters, are six in number. There are from 21 to 23 lines in each page. It is written in a large, regular Estranggla; dated A. Gr. 1082, A.H. 153 (A.D. 770) ; and contains —
The books of Ezra and Nehemiah, according to the Peshitta version. Title, fol. 1 h -. r^\^a> rC^v^ Subscription, fol. 55 6 : .r^TAcb rt'ivv ^A\ASil >li.
ft^OBVa j.ia-Ji Kibooa . A-a^, . After this
subscription there is a line of small cursive writing, giving the name of the scribe, Emmanuel : ^0Uk
A long note on fol. 56 a, in the same elegant cursive, states that the book was written, at the expense of the deacon Stephen bar Yuhannan, of Modyad or Midyad, for the convent of Mar Simeon at Kartamin, in the year above mentioned. rC'ovMOJa.x.oiO K'To.ar^la.i vyr^
Ocah\Ah\r^ . .jlo . caL>.i r^^r^ x^S*f< ivMlO tXSi ivxa.T K'Ti.tsj ^cn r<ls^ cuL=n&vz.r<'o
• ovAoxo ■ '**^ttn
It was presented to the convent of S. Mary Deipara
by the sons of Duma Shatir, Tagiitans of Callinicus,
. rrtnuXt^ r^Aui^^i* iiN^t. r^^qo.i ,V-«
On fol. 55 & a later hand has repeated the colophon, with the additional information that the scribe Emmanuel was a Tagritan: A.kVh ->iv rc'.icD r^s^.i .aixA . Jt_o •:• pcdjl f^in.i Aa {sic) T<tl^\h\ rC^aoivA
After the ancient doxology, KfcrAr^ KImlsOJL. ^iSnr< A i.<t:^.i , there stood a line and a half of small writing, which has been carefully erased. The still legible words r^en r^ai\A icncv^r^ show that it was a note by a former possessor.
At the foot of the page there is a recipe for the manu- facture of the ink used by the scribes of the family of Emmanuel, in a hand of the x'*! cent. p^a^.T pa . otaX r^K" .:^.iasa r^t*' r^cn K'iaj* .Tn^j.t >Vj^ r^iib fc,ocn i\v payaojo r^^^ ,-■«»«*'
PEEFACE. xi
V. In 1838 tlie Eev. H. Tattam, afterwards archdeacon of Bedford, set out for Egypt, with the object of collecting materials for his Coptic Dictionary. He was accompanied by his step-daughter Miss Piatt, who kept a journal for the amusement of her mother. This journal was subsequently printed for private circulation, and Dr. Cureton has given several extracts from it in the article already referred to (pp. 56 — 58).* On the 12tli of January 1839 Dr. Tattam and Miss Piatt set out across the desert for the Natron valley, and at eight o'clock in the evening pitched their tent at a short distance from the monastery of Macarius.
" Sunday, Jan. 13th. — The first object," says Miss Piatt, " on which our eyes rested, as we sat at breakfast in the tent, was the solitary convent of Abou Magar (St. Macarius), a desolate-looking building, like a fortress surrounded by the sea. ... It was not thought advisable to remain here until we had visited the further convents. . . . We descended gradually between the rocks, and saw before us the two middle convents, Deir Amba Bischoi
r<*ii\y-i rC'i.viA .^AJU ^o . »~^fii> rc^icu 71 I twio . ^uivAo Jl^ (?) oi.V^o (?) coxio
^'ih\ cn^nxsaia . ctA& rc'icu^ j^ojuo r^ioia r<&jLuj^ r^^rdl rd^^a jjkllai ^o rCsacL «jaoi°iCLo .\r<'\ .\i\n can )a.>ca-)a rti'i.ins.l dv.j-3.1 f^T -i>» r<^co . >1^. r^UJO .zaoiv^JO
2. Foil. 57—136. Vellum, of 80 leaves. Foil. 64— GG are slightly torn. The quires, signed with letters, were nine in number, but the first is now missing. There are from 24 to 28 lines in each page. This manuscript is written in a good, regular Estrangela of the viiith cent., and contains —
The book of Isaiah, according to the LXX. version, with the hexaplar marks, and the various readings of Aquila, Symmachus and Theodotion (r^, oo, o\, •^_^) on the margins. It is divided into two parts, the one ending pn fol. 94 b with the subscription, ^^-^JLx. vyr^ . r<*iil rd&^jcrc'.i rc'iu.sq.Ta rC^CL^at »*imo .i'kT T..1 rC'oxCVXSoJLzJSa ; the other com- mencing with the words, rc'ouTijr^ f^wA^^Sk .soot . (^isiT .1 rc'Atai*gl\T*a vyrc* . r^i^J rdi^.Z.rC.'i
The missing portion is ch. i. 1 — ch. iv. 5, Lessons are rubricated in the text, and occasionally on the margins, by the scribe.
The tetragrammaton is expressed by cnucix*, to which is often added in Greek letters H€H6, though
>i°>«°^ . oxoA occurs on fol. 122 a. The margins contain many Greek words, in which the form of the letter g is peculiar, viz. D (e.g. foil. 64 6 and 67 a) ; and various scholia, some of which are taken from the commentary of Cyril, e.g. foil. 1 b, 74 a, 82 a and J, 83 a, 88 a, 93 b, 106 a, 111 b, and 103 b. Basil is cited on fol. 72 a. There is a good facsimile of the first page of this manuscript in Lord de la Zouche's catalogue, facing p. 35.
Subscription, fol. 136 b : i<^a i n 1 ^ •?! \ i.
. 9^i^ ^,_o^ca ^r^:i ooA . ooq\ i °>*w «s.io rdaru rc^M-iox. •:• Qau\i(<'.i r«la&vAns pa
That these two manuscripts have been long bound together, is clear from the note of a librarian of the convent of S. Mary Deipara on the margin of fol. 1 b :
^ImCU tiJMO . r<*i 1 1 SIT. '**■-" r^.A.^jLK'.fO
rC'^cu.TM A^ {sic) r^\:iaaslr^^ , "and Isaiah the prophet according to the LXX., and Mar John of Alexandria on the Union," by which words the Disetetes of Joannes Philoponus is meant.
On p. 12 of his Catalogue Lord de la Zouche mentions " a leaf in Syriac of very great antiquity, probably of the 5th or 6th century, if not earlier." This too, doubtless, came from S. Mary Deipara.
• See also Lee's translation of the Theophania of Eusebius (Cambridge, 1843), preface, p. viii.
xii PREFACE.
and St. Soriani, or the Syrian convent. They were of the same description as St. Abou Mag:ar, but larger and in Iwtter preservation, particularly the latter. Our tent was pitched beneath the walls of St. Soriani : Mr. Tattam immediately entered the convent, where pipes and coffee were brought him ; after which the priests conducted him to their churches, and showed him the books used in them. They then desired to know his object in visiting them ; upon which he cautiously opened his commission by saying that he wished to see their books. They replied that they had no more than what he had seen in the church ; upon which he told them plainly that he knew they had. They laughed on being detected, and after a short conference said that he should see them. The bell soon rang for prayers."
" Jan. 14th.— Mr. Tattam went into the convent immediately after breakfast. The priests conducted him to the tower, and then into a dark vault, where he found a great quantity of very old and valuable Syriac manuscripts. He selected six quarto volumes and took them to the superior's room. He was next shown a room in the tower, where he found a number of Coptic and Arabic manuscripts, principally liturgies, with a beautiful copy of the Gospels. lie then asked to see the rest; the priests looked surprised to find he knew of others, and seemed at first disposed to deny that they had any more, but at length produced the key of the apartment where the other books were kept, and admitted him. After looking them over he went to the superior's room, where all the priests were assembled, about fifteen or sixteen in number: one of them brought a Coptic and Arabic selim, or lexicon, which Mr. Tattam wished to purchase, but they informed him that they could not part with it, as it was forbidden to be taken away by an interdiction at the end, but they consented to make him a copy. He paid for two of the Syriac manuscripts he had placed in the superior's room, for the priests could not be persuaded to part with more, and left them, well pleased with his ponderous volumes, which he gave me through the top of the tent, and then rode off with Mohamed to the farthest convent, of Baramous, about an hour and a half s ride from St. Soriani. In the convent of El Baramous Mr. Tattam found about one hundred and fifty Coptic and Arabic liturgies, and a very large dictionary in both languages. In the tower is an apartment with a trap-door in the floor, opening into a dark hole full of loose leaves of Arabic and Coptic manuscripts. The superior would have sold the dictionary, but was afraid, because the patriarch had written in it a curse upon any one who should take it away."
Into the monastery of Ambii Bishai, after some reluctance on the part of the monks to open their doors to a female, Miss Piatt herself was admitted.
" On the ground-floor," she says, "was a vaulted apartment, very lofty, with arches at each end, perfectly dark, and so strewn with loose leaves of old liturgies that scarcely a portion of the floor was visible ; and here we were all fully occupied in making diligent search, each with a lighted taper, and a stick to turn up old fragments. In some parts the manuscripts lay a quarter of a yard deep, and the amazing quantity of dust was almost choking, accom- panied by a damp and fetid smell, nearly as bad as in the Tombs of the Kings. We did not find anything really valuable here, or anything on vellum, excepting one page."
On the 15th of January, Mr. Tattam set out on his return to Cairo, having previously obtained from the monks of the Syrian convent four other valuable Syriac manuscripts. Calling at the monastery of Macarius as he passed, he found there about a hundred liturgies and a beautiful copy of the Epistles in Coptic, which the monks refused to sell. There were also a great number of fragments and loose leaves, from which he selected about a hundred, which he was permitted to take away.
In the month of February he returned to the convents, and was more successful than upon the former occasion.
" Saturday, Feb. 9th.— Immediately after breakfast," says Miss Piatt, « Mr. Tattam went with Mohamed 10 St. Soriani, leaving me to my own amusements in the tent. ... Mr. Tattam soon returned, followed
PEEFACE. xiii
by Mohamed, and one of the Bedouins bearing a large sack-full of splendid Syriac manuscripts on vellum. Tliey ■were safely deposited in the tent, and a priest was sent for from St. Amba-Bischoi, with whom Mr. Tattam entered the convent, and successfully bargained for an old Pentateuch in Coptic and Arabic, and a beautiful copy of the four Gospels in Coptic. "We are delighted with our success, and hope, by patience and good management, to get the remainder of the manuscripts."
" Feb. 10th. — Mr. Tattam went in the evening to St. Soriani to take his leave of the monks there, who said
he might have four more manuscripts the next day Mohamed brought from the priests of St. Soriani
a stupendous volume beautifully written in the Syriac character, with a very old worm-eaten copy of the Pentateuch from St. Amba-Bischoi, exceedingly valuable, but not quite perfect at the beginning."
This Muhammad, who seems to have been little less eager than his master in his endeavours to procure the manuscripts, had recourse to the same means of negotiation as Mr. Curzon,* and applied them with similar success, only substituting raki for rosoglio.
The manuscripts, which Mr. Tattam had thus obtained, arrived in due time in England. Such of them as were in the Syriac language, not falling in with the object for which his journey had originally been undertaken, were disposed of to the Trustees of the British Museum, which thus received an accession of forty-nine manuscripts of great antiquity (Add. 12, 133—12,181).
Erom the accounts which Lord Prudhoe, Mr. Curzon and Mr. Tattam had given of their visits to the Syrian monastery, it was evident that but few of the manuscripts belonging to it had been removed since the time of the Assemanis; and it seemed likely that no less a ntmiber than two hundred volumes were still remaining in the hands of the monks, most of them of very considerable antiquity, probably written before the tenth century. Application was therefore made by the Trustees of the British Museum to the Treasury; a sum was granted to enable them to send again into Egypt ; and Mr. Tattam readily undertook the commission. The following is his account of the manner in which he obtained the supposed remainder of the manuscripts, as quoted by Dr. Cureton, in the article so often referred to, p. 59.
" When I returned to Cairo the second time, all the Europeans who seemed to understand my business prophesied that I should not succeed, but the result proved they were false prophets. I found I could work more eflfectuaUy through the sheich of a village on the borders of the. desert, who had influence with the superior of the convent, and whom my servant had secured in my interest, and through my servant, rather than by attempting direct negotiation. I therefore set to work. After I had been in Cairo about a fortnight, the sheich brought the superior to my house, where he promised to let me have all the Syriac manuscripts. My servant was to go back with him and the sheich when he returned, and to bring away all the manuscripts to the sheich's house, ■where they were to be deposited, and I was to follow in three days and bargain for them. I went at the time appointed, and took money with me in the boat, and a Mohamedan as a silent witness to the transaction and the payment of the money, should any crooked ways be discovered. My servant had taken ten men and eight donkeys from the village, and had conveyed the manuscripts to the sheich's house, where I saw them as soon as I arrived ; and I found he had already bargained for them, which I confirmed. That night we carried our boxes, paper, and string, and packed them all, and nailed up the boxes, and had them in the boat before morning dawned, and before ten o'clock in the morning they were on their way to Alexandria."
The manuscripts arrived at the British Museum on the first of March 1843, and this portion of the collection is now numbered Add. 14,425 — 14,739.
* Visits to Monasteries in the Levant, 5th edit., pp. 97, 109.
d
ZIV
PREFACE.
Dr Cureton naturally concluded that the Nitrian mine was now exhausted, but the event proved that he was mistaken; for, although Dr. Tattam's agreement with the monks embraced the whole of their coUection, they nevertheless concealed and withheld a large portion of their library.*
In March 1844 the celebrated bibHcal scholar and paleographer Dr. Tischendorf set out on his first journey to the East, and on the 22nd of April reached the Nitrian desert.f Aware of the recent acquisitions by the Trustees of the British Museum, he was naturaQy anxious to secure a share of the spoil, but, Uke most of his predecessors, found the monks extremely hard to deal with. However, he was permitted to carry off a number of vellum leaves, which were lying about on the floor of the Ubrary, and he found among these what well repaid him for his trouble. %
Early in 1845 Dr. Cureton became acquainted with a certain M. Auguste Pacho, a native of Alexandria, who had come to London, with good introductions, " in the hope of obtaining some confidential employment, for which his intimate knowledge of Oriental manners and customs, his native acquaintance with the Arabic tongue, and with several European languages, rendered him admirably qualified." After having remained only a few months in this country, M. Pacho's medical adviser recommended him to seek some mUder climate, and he at once decided to return to his native Egypt. Cureton was not the man to lose so favourable an opportunity. He showed M. Pacho Dr. Tattam's acquisitions, and begged of him to neglect no opportunity of acquiring ancient manu- scripts. These exhortations in due time bore their fruit.
After M. Pacho had resided a few months in Cairo, he found reason to suspect that good faith had not been kept with Dr. Tattam by the abbat of the convent and his own servant Muliammad, but that a part of the library had been fraudulently retained, notwithstanding the strongest asseverations to the contrary. Proceeding to the spot, he dwelt with the monks in their convent for six weeks, and at the end of that time had so far gained their good will, that they showed him the remainder of their library, and even began to treat with him for the purchase of it. FuUy acquainted with the character of the persons with whom he had to deal, M. Pacho proceeded with all due caution. He swept up, it is said, every fragment from the floor of the library, sought out scraps that might have been conveyed to other apartments, superintended the packing of the books in person, and took
• See Cureton's preface to his edition of the Festal Letters of Athanasius (London, 1848), p. v.
t Reise in den Orient, 2 Bande, Leipzig, 1846. See 1«« Bd, p. 116.
t See his Anecdota Sacra et Profana (Leipzig, 1849), pp. 65 — 68, and the accompanying facsimiles, tab. iv. The ino8t valuable of his manuscripts are —
1. The Syriac and Arabic Gospels (Nestorian) of the x'i> cent., cod. Tisch. xiii. (see no. xcvii. of this Cata- logue) ; and —
2. The fragments of the Pentateuch (Nestorian) of about the same age, cod. Tisch. xiv., which have been described by Tuch in his Commentationis de Lipsiensi codice Pentateuchi Syri manuscripto particula prior (Leipzig, 1849).
Cod. Tisch. xvi. C. is a portion of the Gospel of S. Mark, of the vV^ or vii*^ cent.
Cod. Tisch. xvi. D. is a leaf from Add. 14,658 (see no. dcccclxxxvii., no. 1).
PREFACE.
XV
every precaution, which the greed or superstition of the monks could suggest, to secure even the last remnant of their treasure.
The hooks left the convent on the 31st of July, 1847 ; hut instead of proceeding directly to England, M. Pacho determined upon passing through Prance with the manuscripts and taking Paris in his route. " This diversion of M. Pacho's journey," says Cureton, "certainly cost me much anxiety; probably it has also cost Her Majesty's Treasury some additional pounds sterling." However, all ended well, and the manu- scripts (Add. 17,102 — 17,274) became the property of the British nation on the 11th of November 1847.
It was now believed that the Nitrian mine was completely worked out, that the monks had delivered their last book to M. Pacho, and that that person had faithfully handed them over, according to agreement, to the Trustees of the British Museum.
This was not the case. M. Pacho had kept back a considerable number of fine manuscripts. With ten of these he presented himself at the British Museum in 1851, and found no difficulty in disposing of them (Add. 18,812—18,821) ; but he still withheld four splendid volumes, which he sold to the Imperial Public Library of St. Petersburg, in 1852, for the sum of 2500 silver rubles.* One of these manuscripts contains the two books of Samuel, another the epistles of S. Paul ; both are probably of the vi"^ or vii''' century. The third, which, thanks to the liberality of the Russian Government, I have had for a time in my own hands, is a collection of lives of saints, of the vi"^ century, t The fourth, which I have also had the privilege of copying with a view to publication, contains the greater part of the Ecclesiastical History of Eusebius. Having been written A.D. 462, it comes next in point of age to Add. 12,150, though it is only two years older than Add. 14,425.$
• See a description of them by the distinguished Orientalist Dr. Dorn, in the Melanges Asiatiques tires du Bulletin historico-philologique de I'Academie Impe- riale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg, t. ii., p. 195.
t See my Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles (London, 1871), vol. i., preface, p. vii.
I The following is a more minute description of this beautiful volume.
Vellum, in large quarto, consisting of 123 leaves, a few of which are much stained and torn, especially foil. 1, 2, 3, and 121. The quires, originally 29 in number, are signed with arithmetical figures (yuyiA^o > fol. 121 a), but a later hand has re-numbered them inaccurately with letters from K* to V^ . There is a huge lacuna after fol. 84, comprising no less than 12 quires (/■'fj to yuywO), and some smaller defects in other places. The character is a fine, bold Estranggla,
with comparatively few diacritical points. This volume is dated A. Gr. 773, A.D. 462. It contains—
The Ecclesiastical History of Eusebius of Caesarea,
(^IQoa. The running title is merely f<*ni^QaI»'oaioi<.
Book i., fol. 2 6; bk. ii., fol. 20 a ; bk. iii., fol. 40 h ; bk. iv., fol. 62 a ; bk. v., fol. 82 b, very imperfect ; bk. vi., wanting ; bk. vii., fol. 85 a, very imperfect ; bk. viii., fol. 85 b ; bk. ix., fol. 101 a ; bk. x., fol 114 a.
The colophon, fol. 123 b, states that the manuscript was written by one Isaac for a person whose name has been erased. The name of the town where it was written has also been eflfaced, but may have been Edessa : ivA.z..i ^^, I i Ati^a y\ iT*aao ^.i ,a_.iu& [tcoior^-s] i\_lixo ■ .v-^» /> f<'rtf*ans-i t.
On fol. 1 a is a figure of the Cross ; and beside it is a
ZTi
PREFACE.
Nor have we yet reached the end of the matter. Within the last two years a rumour has gone abroad of there being for sale, somewhere in Cairo or Alexandria, no less than thirty or forty vellum manuscripts, which can scarcely have been procured anywhere else than at the convent of S. Mary Deipara. One of these has been actually purchased by the famous Egyptologist Dr. Brugsch, and has since been sold by him to the Eoyal Library of Berlin. By the kindness of the Prussian authorities I have had this volume in my hands, and find it to be a copy of the Gospels, made up of portions of three manuscripts, frag- ments of one of which are in the British Museum (no. Ixxxii. of this Catalogue). But what gives it a higher value is, that the fly-leaves (foil. 1, 128, and 129) are part of the femous Curetonian Gospels (no. cxix.). 1 give a more minute description in the note. *
VI. Such is, so far as I have been able to trace it, the history of the once magnificent library of the convent of 8. Mary Deipara, of the intrinsic value of which it is almost impossible to speak in too high terms. To the collection now deposited in the British Museum is due the revival of Syriac studies, which has taken place during the last five and twenty years. Erom the date of Dr. Cureton's first publication in 1848, hardly a year has
note, stating that the volume vas presented to the convent of S. Mary Deipara by one Sahliin of Harran, . r^^MtXSt »..\u »3a.l K*TiTnS T^io^.) .^.olcofls This page also contains some more modern writing (relating to the passage, Acts, ch. iii. 1 etc.), and the rudely drawn figure of a horse or mule.
Fol. 121 has been roughly repaired with a fragment of an Armenian manuscript, beautifully written in uncial characters of about the ix"> cent.
Fol. 1 is part of two leaves of a Syriac Chronicle, a considerable portion of which is .in the British Museum, Add. 17,216, foil. 2—14 (no. dccccxv.).
* A volume in quarto, about 11 inches by 8J, made up of fragments of four manuscripts.
1. Foil. 1, 128, 129. Three vellum leaves from the Curetonian Gospels (Add. 14,451). They contain 8. Luke, ch. xv. 22— ch. xvi. 12, fol. 1 (see Cureton's edition, sign. S, first leaf, recto) ; ch. xvii. 1—23, fol. 128 (see Cureton, loc. cit.) ; and S. John, ch. vii. 37 (the last word r^iuuo)— ch. viii. 19, fol. 129 (see Cureton's edition, sign. N, first leaf, verso). The passage regarding the woman taken in adultery (S. John, ch. viL 63 — ch. viii. 11) is wanting, as in the Peshitta.
2. Fol. 2—11 and 56—127. Part of a vellum manu- script, written in double columns, in a fine, regular Estrangela, apparently of the viii'* cent. The tenth and eleventh quires are signed with letters" and arithmetical
figures (. .* .y', . riLt
flj •). The contents are : S.
Matthew, ch. i. 1— ch. x. 21, foil. 2 6—11 h; S. Mark, ch. xiv. 58— ch. xvi. 20, foil. 56 a ; S. Luke, fol. 58 h ; S. John, fol. 96 a. On fol. 126 a there is a long note, which has been partially erased. The more modern writing informs us that this was one of the volumes brought to the convent of S. Mary Deipara by the abbat Moses of Nisibis in 932. The actual date of the manuscript seems to be contained in the twelfth and thirteenth lines of the original note, which may perhaps be read: rClicL.-i .T*aiiO .it^timq r<l&lr^iux3, i.e. A. Gr. 1055, A.D. 744.
3. Foil. 12—17 and 42—55. Fragments of a Nestorian manuscript of the ix"* cent., belongino- to the same volume as Add. 14,669, foil. 38 — .56 (see no. Ixxxii. of this Catalogue). The principal contents are = S. Matthew, ch. ix. 29— ch. x. 6, fol. 13 a ; ch. x. 21— ch. xii. 22, foil. 13 b, 14 ; ch. xiii. 24— ch. xiv. 22, fol. 17; ch. xxiv. 30— ch. xxv. 40, fol. 42; S. Luke, ch. xiii. 4— ch. xvi. 2, foil. 43, 44 ; ch. xix. 7 (the last word, K'ix.)— ch. xxi. 23 ((-.1 ^o), foil. 45, 46 ; S. Mark, ch. V. 30 (^ireiaal ^io)— ch. xiv. 58, foil. 47 a— 55 a ; ch. xv. 4—13, fol. 55 6.
4. Fol. 18 — 41. Part of a vellum manuscript, written in double columns, in a fine Estrangela of the vi"" century. The quires were originally signed with arithmetical figures (fol. 34 a, fj^). The contents are : S. Matthew, ch, xviii. 1 — ch. xxviii. 4.
PEEFACE. xvii
passed unmarked by the appearance of some work of importance, either linguistic, histo- rical or theological ; and scholars from almost every country in Europe have resorted to the British Museum to pore for weeks and months over these volumes.
Among the Nitrian manuscripts we find some of the oldest dated hooks in existence. The story of Add. 12,150, written at Edessa towards the close of A.D. 411, has been told by Dr. Cureton in the preface to his Eestal Letters of Athanasius, pp. xv — xxvi. Add. 14,425, written at Amid in the year 464, is the oldest dated manuscript of a portion of the Bible extant in any language, and is probably almost, if not quite, as ancient as the codex Alexandrinus, the third in point of age of the great Greek codices. Only ten years yoimger than this is the first portion of the homilies of Aphraates, Add, 17,182, foil. 1 — 99, written at a village near Damascus in 474, about a hundred and thirty years after the time of the author. Of dated manuscripts of the sixth century we have no less than twenty-seven; of the seventh century, fourteen; of the eighth, seven; of the ninth, twenty-eight ; and of the tenth, five ; besides many more of equal antiquity, but in which, unfortunately, the colophons, or other precise indications of age, have been torn away or have otherwise perished. There can be little doubt that such volumes as, for example, Add. 14,451, Add. 14,453, Add. 17,143, and Add. 17,204, belong to the same period as Add. 14,425 and Add. 17,182, foil. 1—99, namely to the latter half of the fifth century.
The theological importance of the collection is twofold, according as we interest our- selves more especially for Biblical or Patristic studies.
The Syriac Bible is here offered to the student in several versions.* Numerous manu- scripts of the Old Testament enable us to restore the Peshitta text of the fifth, sixth and seventh centuries. The Septuagint text, as read in Egypt in the earlier part of the seventh century, lies before us in several books of the version of Paul of Telia (nos. xlviii. — lix.) ; whilst a fragment of the older Philoxenian translation seems to be preserved in Add. 17,106, foil. 74—87 (no. xlvii.). Portions of the later eclectic revision of Jacob of Edessa survive in Add. 14,429 and 14,441 (nos. Ix. and Ixi.). Of the New Testament we have, besides the Peshitta, fragments of a more ancient recension of the Gospels, usually known by the name of the Curetonian version (no. cxix.), in a manuscript of the fifth century. The later Harklensian translation of the Gospels is found in nos. Ixv. and cxx. ; and of some of the smaller Apostolic epistles in no. cxxi. Lastly, we possess specimens of a translation used by the Malkite branch of the Syriac Church in Palestine, exhibiting a peculiar dialect and written character. These are, portions of the Psalms (no. Ixii.) ; a single palimpsest leaf of the Gospel of S. Matthew (Add. 14,450, fol. 14) ; and palimpsest fragments of an Evangeliarium (no. ccliv.). Of the Apocrypha, commonly so called, we tnay here enumerate the epistles of Baruch; the first book of Esdras, according to the LXX. (no. i.) ; Ecclesiasticus ; Judith ; the four books of the Maccabees ; Susanna ; Tobit, according to the LXX. (nos. i. and xxxii.); and Wisdom; besides the book of Women,
• See Ceriani, Le Edizioni e i Manoscritti delle Versioni Siriache del Vecchio Testamento, estratto dalle
Memorie del R. Istituto Lombardo di Scienze e Lettere, vol. xi, ii delta Serie iii. Milan, 18G9.
e
xviii PEEFACE.
which comprises Ruth, Esther, Susanna, Judith, and the Actsof Thecla (no. dccxxxi.). I may also caU attention to the apocryph of "Daniel the Youth" in no. xxxii. The apocryphal literature of the New Testament is represented by the Protevangel of S. James and the Gospel of Thomas the Israelite (no. clvii.); different recensions of the Transitus beatiB Virginis ; and spurious Acts of the Apostles, such as those of S. John (nos. dccbmdx., dcccclx.), SS. Andrew and Matthew (no. dccccUi.), and S. Thomas (ibid.), S. Peter at Rome (nos. dccccjtxxvi., dccccxli.), and Addai at Edessa (nos. dccccxxxv., dccccxxxvi.).
Closely connected with the biblical texts is that class of manuscripts which I have described under the head of " Punctuation" or the " Syriac Masora." Nearly aU of these represent the labours of Jacobite schools (nos. clxii.— clxvii.), but one (no. clxi.) is a very remarkable Nestorian codex, well deserving of a closer examination, if not of being published in full. As we learn from no. clxvii., the Jacobite Masorites extended their labours not only over the whole Bible, but also over the texts of such Greek writers as were commonly read in their schools, viz., Basil, Gregory Nazianzen, the pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita, Severus of Antioch, and Joannes Philoponus.*
Of the various classes of Service-books— Psalters, Lectionaries, Missals, Sacerdotals, Choral Services, Hymn and Prayer-books, and Puneral Services — the Nitrian collection comprises almost a superabundance of copies. Most of them too are of comparatively modem date, this class of manuscripts being above aU others liable to decay from constant use. StiU there are among them copies well worthy of notice, such as a Psalter dated A.D. 600 (no. clxviii.); the Lectionaries nos. ccxx. — ccxxii., ccxxiv., ccxliii. — ccxlvi., ccl. and ccli.; fragments of a Nestorian Anaphora of the sixth century (no. cclv.); various collections of Anaphorae, nos. cclxi., cclxiii. — cclxvii., and cclxxii. — cclxxiv. ; the Missale Romanum in Syriac characters, written by Moses of Maridin at Rome in 1549 (no. cclxxxiii.) ; the hymns of Severus of Antioch, transcribed in the year 675, perhaps by the hand of no less a scholar than Jacob of Edessa himself (no. ccccxxi.) ; and the large collections of hymns contained in nos. ccccl., ccccli., and cccclxix. Nor must we forget several collections of Canons of the Apostles and Councils of the Church, nos. dccccvi. — dccccix., the oldest of which belongs to the earlier part of the sixth century ; the Doctrine of the Apostles, nos. dcclxix. and dccccxxxvi., the latter of which is of the fifth or sixth century ; and the Acts of the second Council of Ephesus (the so-called Latrocinium Ephesinum), in a manuscript dated A.D. 535 (no. dccccv.).
Turning to the patristic portion of the collection, we find both the Greek and Syriac Churches represented by various works of many of their most distinguished men. But, as the convent of S. Mary Deipara was occupied by Jacobite monks, we must not be sur- prised to find that tliis portion of their library, even more than the biblical or liturgical, was restricted to authors belonging, or supposed to belong, to the Monophysite way of thinking. If the writings of heretics like Theodore of Mopsuestia (nos. dcvi.— dcviii.)
• Sec Assemani, Bibl. Or., t. iii., para 2^*, p. cmxxxvii. ; and compare Rosen and Forshall's Catalogue, no. xlii.
PEEFACE. xix
and Teshiia' bar Nun (no. dccxvi.) made their way into the convent, they were cut up to furnish bindings for more orthodox books, or otherwise mutilated and destroyed. For- tunately for us, however, many of the older writers were assumed to be orthodox (in the Monophysite sense) upon very slender grounds ; and hence the library of S. Mary Deipara contained a greater number of the ancient theologians than might have been expected.
Of the Apostolic Fathers the most conspicuous is Ignatius, of whose epistles we find here a short recension, comprising only those addressed to Polycarp, to the Ephesians and to the Romans (nos. dcclxviii. and dcclxxxix.). Of Polycarp we have only extracts from the epistle to the Philippians. Clement of Eome is represented by the spurious Eecog- nitiones, nos. dccxxvi. and dccccxli., the former dated A.D. 411, and by extracts from the second epistle to the Corinthians and the^doubtful epistles on Virginity.
Of writers of the second century, we find Justin Martyr's Expositio rectae Con- fessionis (no. dccclxiii.) and his 716705 tt/so? "Ew^m?, under the name of the HypomnSmata of Ambrose (no. dcccclxxxvii.). Prom Irengeus's great treatise against Heresies, the Nitrian manuscripts oifer us unfortunately only a few quotations ; but Melito's tract on the Truth has escaped the ravages of time (no. dcccclxxxvii.).
Passing on to the third century, we meet with extracts from Symmachus and Hippolytus, several of the writings of Gregory Thaumaturgus, and some excerpts from Methodius.
The patristic Kterature of the fourth century is extant in greater abundance. Alex- ander, bishop of Alexandria, is represented by a homily on the Incarnation of our Lord (no. dcclxxxix.). The works of Eusebius must have been translated into Syriac during his lifetime, for the treatise on the Theophania and the history of the Confessors in Palestine are found in the manuscript of A.D. 411. Of the Ecclesiastical History, which survives in a manuscript at St. Petersburg, dated A.D. 462, the first five books are in the British Museum in a volume of the earlier half of the sixth century. Here are also extracts from the Zetemata and from the commentary on the Psalms, as well as the epistle to Carpianus, introductory to the canons. The treatise on the Star (no. dccccxvii.) is no doubt spurious. Of the great Athanasius the Nitrian manuscripts offer us a confession of faith (not the "Quicunque vult"), the commentary on the Psahns in an abridged form, the first book against ApoUinaris, several homilies, the Festal Letters and other epistles, and the life of Antony. The treatise of Titus of Bostra against the Manichees is extant in the great codex of A.D. 411 ; and the confession of faith of pope Damasus in two volumes (nos. dccclvi. and dcccHx.). The principal works of Epiphanius seem to have been early translated into Syriac ; at least part of the Anakephal£e6sis occurs in a manuscript of the sixth century (no. dccxxix.). Of the Panarium and Ancoratus the Nitrian collection contains only extracts, but the treatise on Weights and Measures is given in more than one volume in a fuller form than in. the extant Greek text. The spurious panegyric on the blessed Virgin and the Hves of the Prophets are also here, the latter in three copies. Basil of Csesarea was a favourite author with the Syrian Church, and
XX PREFACE.
probably found translators during his lifetime. The Homilite in Hexa^meron, the treatise on the Holy Spirit, and the discourses on Faith, are extant in a manuscript of the fifth century (no. dxlvi.) ; and the second of these works is found in another volimie, dated A.D. 509. The Eegulae monasticsB occur in two copies of about the same age as the preceding (nos. dlii. and dliii.); and various homilies in manuscripts of the sixth and subsequent centuries, besides part of the treatise against Eunomius in two volumes of the eighth or ninth century (nos. dxlviii. and dxlix.). His brother Gregory of Nyssa, and his friend Gregory of Nazianzus, were also held in high esteem by the Syrians. The principal works of the former are extant in old manuscripts, some of them of the sixth century (e.g., nos. dbdv. and dlxv.). Of the writings of the latter there exist at least two translations, an older one, the work of the Nestorians (nos. dlix. and dlx.), and a later one, done by the hand of the abbat Paul in the island of Cyprus, A.D. 624 (nos. dlv. — dlviii.). These three Fathers were carefully studied and annotated by the Jacobites. A collection of glosses on Basil is extant in no. dliv., and on Gregory Nazianzen in no. dlxi. On the latter the chief authorities were Benjamin of Edessa (see no. dlxii.) and George, bishop of the Arab tribes (no. dlxiii.). A life of BasU, ascribed to his friend Amphilochius of Iconium, occurs in no. dcccclx., and that by his successor Helladius in nos. dcclix. and dcccclxviii. The life of Gregory Nazianzen by Gregory of Caesarea is also found in no. dcccclx. Ambrose of Milan was probably known to the Syrians only by such quotations from his works as occurred in the Greek Fathers with whom they were familiar ; whilst Diodorus of Tarsus and Theodore of Mopsuestia (nos. dcvi. — dcviii.) were held in horror as forerunners of the heresy of Nestorius. With the exegetical works of Jerome they seem also to have been unacquainted, nothing of his being found among the Nitrian manuscripts but some lives of samts. With the writings of Chrysostom, on the contrary, they were as familiar as with those of Basil and the Gregories ; witness the splendid series of volumes described under nos. dlxxxii. — dxcvii., one of which is dated A.D. 557, as well as many others in the collection.
Among the theologians of the fifth century may be named Isidore of Pelusium (no. dcccxxvii.), Atticus of Constantinople, and Severianus of Gabala, of whom but little survives. Of the writings of that pompous and persecuting prelate Cyril of Alexandria, there is, however, an ample store. We possess the Glaphyra, as translated by Moses of Agel (no. dcix.) ; the commentary on S. Luke's Gospel, of which the Greek original is lost (nos. dcxi. and dcxii.) ; the Thesaurus (nos. dcxiii.— dcxv.) ; the treatise on Worship in Spirit and in Truth (nos. dcxvi.— dcxxi.), one portion of which is dated A.D. 553 ; and various other works. Some of these were translated into Syriac during Cyril's lifetime by his friend Rabulas, bishop of Edessa. Of Theodoret there is Httle extant, save two or three Kves from his PhUotheus or Historia ReHgiosa. The arch-heretics Nestorius, Alexander of Mabug, and Andrew of Samosata, naturally fared as badly as Diodorus of Tarsus or Theodore of Mopsuestia; but stiU there are numerous extracts from their works in several manuscripts. Their opponent Theodotus of Ancyra is better represented; and so IS Cyril's friend and translator Eabulas (no. dccxxxi.). Of Proclus, the pupil and
PREFACE. xxi
successor of Chrysostom, we find here the famous epistle to the Armenians and several homilies. Ibas of Edessa, the translator of Theodore of Mopsuestia, and Leo the Great, pope of Rome, both objects of the bitterest hatred on the part of the Monophysites, are known to us only by one or two epistles and various quotations. Simeon Stylites' letter to the emperor Leo is found in one manuscript, and three other letters in another, besides sundry precepts and admonitions, which are appended to his life, written by his friend Cosmas (nos. dcccclx., dcccclxxxii., dcccclxxxiii.). A work directed against the Council of Chalcedon (no. dccxxix.) bears the name of Timothy ^lurus (the "Weasel), patriarch of Alexandria, but appears to be a compilation made from his writings after his death. The volume is dated A.D. 562. Of Antipater of Rostra we have two homilies ; and two letters of Acacius of Constantinople. Under this century may perhaps also be mentioned the works falsely ascribed to Dionysius the Areopagite, which were translated into Syriac by Sergius of Ras'ain and Phocas of Edessa, and were long favourite subjects of study with the Syrians (nos. dcxxv. — dcxxx.) ; as also the treatise De Mysteriis reconditis Domus Dei, assigned to Hierotheus, a disciple of S. Paul, in studying and commenting on which Theodosius of Antioch and Gregory bar Hebrseus spent a portion of their time (no. dcccl. and R.P. xlviii.).
In the sixth century the most conspicuous figure is that of the keen controversialist Severus, patriarch of Antioch, whose works are extant in the original Greek in only a fragmentary form. In Syriac we possess his Homilise Cathedrales, translated by Paul of Callinicus (no. dclxxxvi., dated A.D. 569) and Jacob of Edessa (no. dclxxxv., dated A.D. 868) ; his controversial works against John Grammaticus (nos. dclxxxvii. and dclxxxviii.), Julian of Halicarnassus (nos. dclxxxix. and dcxc, the latter dated A.D. 588), and Sergius Grammaticus (no. dcxci.) ; the sixth book of his select epistles, translated by Athanasius of Nisibis (nos. dcxcii. and dcxciii.) ; his collection of hymns, translated by Paul of Edessa and revised by Jacob of Edessa (no. ccccxxi., dated A.D. 675) ; and numerous other homilies, epistles, and extracts. In no. dcxcix. we find the remains of the writings of Theodosius of Alexandria (see also no. dccclvii.) ; and there is a large collection of letters by him and other prominent theologians of the age in no. dccHv. The prolix homily of John Nesteutes, or the Easter, patriarch of Constantinople, on virginity and repentance, is extant in various manuscripts, but passes under the name of his illustrious predecessor Chrysostom. Leontius of Neapolis in Cyprus appears as the writer of some lives of saints ; and we may conclude our enumeration with the name of John Philoponus of Alexandria, the author of the Disetetes (no. dcci.).
Erom what has been said the inevitable inference is that no future edition of the above mentioned and other Greek Fathers can be considered complete, unless the editor has taken due account of the Syriac translations, the extant manuscripts of which are often centuries older than the earliest available Greek copies.
Of ascetic writers the roll is likewise a long one, but it may suffice to mention the names of Ammonius, the two Macarii, Evagrius, John the Monk, Isaiah of Scete, Gregory the Monk, Mark the Monk, Nilus, and Isaac of Nineveh.
/
xxu
PREFACE.
Of original Syriac authors the list is also considerable and even more important than that of the^translations. One of the oldest documents that we possess in this language is a gnostic hymn, imbedded by some strange accident in the Acts of S. Thomas (no. dcccclii.).* Next in point of antiquity is the "Book of the Laws of the Countries" (no. dcccclxxxvii.), an extract from the dialogue De Fato, long ascribed to Bardesanes himself, but now known to have been written by his disciple Philip. After these the Christian theological element is dominant. Aphraates, bishop of the convent of Mar Matthew, near Mosul, who flourished about A.D. 340, is the oldest Syriac Father whose works have come down to us (nos. dxxviii.— dxxx., one of which is dated A.D. 474, and another A.D. 612). Next to him ranks the well known Ephraim Syrus, in copies of whose writings, chiefly metrical, the Nitrian collection abounds; see, for instance, the fine series nos. dxxxiii.— dxlii., all of the fifth and sixth centuries. Many heretofore inedited pieces, both in prose and verse, have been recently published from these manuscripts, especially by Dr. Overbeck. From Ephraim's commentaries on the Old Testament we have unfortunately only selections in the huge Catena no. dcccliii. After Ephraim we may mention three writers of verse, Balai (no. dccxlii.), Cyrillona (no. dccxl.), and Isaac of Antioch. These, however, are deservedly cast into the shade by Jacob of Batnae or Serug, one of the most prolific and at the same time most readable authors of his class, of whose works there are many copies in the British Museum, the oldest of wliich is dated A.D. 565. His letters are extant in two manuscripts (nos. dclxxii. and dclxxiii., the former of the year 603), and his festal homilies in several others. Scarcely inferior to him in fecundity, but surpassing him in talent and purity of style, is the contemporary and friend of Severus, Philoxenus of Mabug. Of his commentaries on the Gospels we possess two volumes, nos. dclxxiv. and dclxxv., written at Mabug in A.D. 511, during the lifetime of the author. No. dclxxvi. contains his treatise on the Incarnation; and nos. dclxxvii. — dclxxxi. bear testimony to the popularity of his discourses on Christian life and character. Passing over the ascetic John Saba (nos. dcxcvii., dcxcviii.), we pause at the name of Jacob of Edessa, one of the ablest and most versatile men of his age, an accomplished Greek scholar, acquainted with Hebrew,! theologian, historian, philosopher and grammarian, a hard student and a practical man of the world. As a translator he was indefatigable. He rendered into his native language the homilies of Severus (no. dclxxxv.) and, according to Bar Hebrseus, those of Gregory Nazianzen.$ He also translated the order of Baptism of Severus ; revised the old versions of the anaphora of S. James and of the hymns of Severus; arranged the Horologium;
• See my Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles (London, 1871), t i., p. .lA-i; t. ii., p. 238; and Noldeke in the Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenland. Gesellschaft, Bd XXV., p. 676.
t Michael the Great, patriarch of Antioch, declares that Jacob became at one time of his life a (pretended) convert to Judaism. See the Armenian version of his Chronicle, translated into French by V. Langlois (Venice, 1868), p. 20 : " Les esprits critiques ne doivent pas s'etonner de trouver dans la supputation des temps,
des intervalles d'annees plus ou moins longs, car nous rencontrons beaucoup de divergences, dans la version des Septante et dans les ecrits d'autres interpr^tes, et notam- ment dans la traduction que le roi Abgare fit faire par ordre de Saint Tbaddee. Cette version fut revisee par Jacques d'Edesse, qui se fit juif, supposant que les Juift, par jalousie, n'avaient pas voulu communiquer tous leur livres aux paiens."
I Assemani, Bibl. Or., t. ii., p. 307. See above, p. x., note.
PEEFACE. xxiii
compiled an anaphora and an order for the consecration of water ; wrote expositions of the order of Baptism and of the Syrian liturgy ; and finally, in his latter days, brought out a new version of the Old Testament (see nos. Ix. and Ixi.). As a biblical commentator he composed scholia on the whole of the Old Testament (nos. dccvi., dccclxi., dcccliii.) ; as a historian he compiled a chronicle, of which unhappily only a few fragments remain (no. dccccxxi.) ; as a grammarian, he wrote a most curious and valuable Syriac grammar, of which we have likewise to regret the almost total loss (see nos. dccccxcvi. and dccccxcvii.), and various smaller tracts, usually appended to that Syriac Masora on which he bestowed so much labour (see no. clxii. and E.F. xlii.). And yet he found time to correspond on a variety of subjects with many persons, more especially with John the Stylite of .a^iivA, Eustathius of Dara, the priest Addai, and George, bishop of Serug. Almost equally learned and indefatigable were his contemporaries and friends Athanasius, patriarch of Antioch, and George, bishop of the Arab tribes. The former translated the letters of Severus (nos. dcxcii., dcxciii.) and an anonymous introduction to the art of logic (no. dcccclxxxviii.) ; and drew up notes on the homilies of Gregory Nazianzen, comprising a version of the Swar/ayyt] koX e^jjo-t? iaTopi,S>v of Nonnus (p. 425). The latter rendered into Syriac the Organon of Aristotle and accompanied it with a commentary (no. dccccxc.) ; compiled scholia on Gregory Nazianzen (no. dlsiii.) ; and wrote commentaries on the consecration of the Chrism and the Sacraments of the Church; besides conducting an extensive correspondence with Teshua' of uajr^, John of .s^i&vA, and other students (no. dccclx.). The name of Daniel of Salach is best known by his commentary on the Psalms (nos. dccviii., dccx., and abridged, no. clxxv.). Antonius of Tagrit is more remarkable for the difficulties of his artificial style than for any higher merit.* He wrote treatises on the holy Chrism (no. dcccxv.) and on the good Providence of God (no. dccxviii.), a work on Ehetoric (no. dccxvii.), and various metrical compositions with rhyme. Moses bar Kipha is the author of commentaries on the Old and New Testaments (no. dccxxi.), of a treatise on Freewill and Predestination (no. dcccxxvii.), and of homilies on the Festivals of the Church (nos. dccxxi. and dcccxli.). The name of Jacob (or Dionysius) bar Salibi is likewise chiefly known as a commentator on the Bible. The British Museum possesses only that portion of his works which relates to the New Testament (no. dccxxii., also R.F. xliii., xliv.). Jacob (or Severus), bishop of Tagrit, is a writer of more importance, not so much from the theological as from the scientific point of view. His Thesaurus de Doctrina Christiana is of no particular value, but his Dialogues (no. dccccxcv.) form one of the best eastern encyclopaedias with which we are acquainted. Last on the roll of Syriac authors comes the great name of Gregory bar Hebraeus, a man not inferior in learning and versatility to Jacob of Edessa himself. Of his numerous works the British Museum is so fortunate as to possess the r^Msa^.i rdaii^ or larger Syriac Grammar (R.F. Ix.) ; several copies of the smaller Grammar; the second part of his Chronicle, containing the ecclesiastical history (K.F. Ivii.) ; three copies of the Horreum Mysteriorum or commentary on the Scriptures; his treatises on theology (no. dccxxv..
• Eegarding him a despairing scribe has written :
r<ll&\^0.'W -1^, "very difficult is his language, O reader j it needs good scholars to understand it."
xxiy
PREFACE.
karshuni) and ethics; his compendia of theology, dialectics and physics (no. dcccl.); and his selections from the book of Hierotheus, with commentary (ibid.).
For history, civil and ecclesiastical, we have in this collection the first five books of the Historia Ecclesiastica of Eiisebius, and his Martyrs of Palestine ; several imperfect chronicles, chiefly based upon that of Eusebius (nos. dccxiv., dcccl., dccccxiii.— dccccxvi.) ; the tract ascribed to Eusebius on the Star (no. dccccxvii.); the history of Constantino and his three sons, and of Jovian and Julian the Apostate, by a writer named on.iolani' or oa*ilolar«? (no. dccccxviii.) ; copious excerpts from the Ecclesiastical History of Zacharias, bishop of Mitylene (no. dccccxix.) ; the third part of the Ecclesiastical History of John, bishop of Asia or Ephesus (no. dccccxx.); fragments of the Chronicle of Jacob of Edessa; the Cave of Treasures, falsely ascribed to Ephraim (no. dccccxxii., also R.F. Iviii.) ; the Bee, compiled by Solomon of al-Basrah (no. dccccxxii.) ; and a life of Alexander the Great in two forms (dccclx. and dccccxxii.). These, taken in connection with the Chronicle of Elias of Nisibis and the Ecclesiastical History of Bar Hebraeus (E.F. Ivi. and Ivii.), form a body of historical material, which is yet far from having been thoroughly utilised. As for martyrdoms, and lives of saints and holy men and women, their number is too great to attempt any enume- ration. I must content myself with calling especial attention to the different redactions of the work of Palladius (nos. dccccxxiii. — dccccxxix.), with the illustrations of 'Anan- Yeshua' (nos. dccccxxx. — dccccxxxii.) ; to the very ancient acts and martyrdoms contained in nos. dccccxxxiv. — dccccxlv. ; to those huge collections of later date, nos. dcccclii., dcccclx., and dcccclxiii. ; and to the oldest of all extant martyrologies, at the end of the oft cited manuscript of A.D. 411.
I conclude my survey of the Nitrian collection with a few words on the scientific literature of the Syrians, a literature of which, unhappUy, we possess but the debris. The two great schools of translators, the earlier represented, let us say, by Sergius of Ras-'ain, and the later by Jacob of Edessa, rendered into their native tongue nearly all the most important works of Greek literature in the departments of theology, philosophy (including the study of language), and medicine. Other scholars translated their versions into Arabic for the benefit of the 'Abbaside caliphs, or made fresh versions from the originals ; the great Jewish literati of Spain, France and Italy, clothed the Arabic in a Hebrew garb ; the students of mediaeval Europe sat at the feet of the rabbis and rendered their works into Latin ; and so it came to pass that the learning of Greece migrated from Athens and Byzantium to Edessa, from Edessa to Bagdad, and from Bagdad to Cordova, Salerno and Montpellier. Of this once rich literature of translations we now possess, as before said, only the miserable wreck ; and yet classical scholars will find it worth their while to study even these remnants with some care. From the hand of Sergius himself we have the Categories of Aristotle, the treatise irepl Koafiov irpoi'AXe^avBpov, a spurious tract on the soul, and the Isagoge of Porphyry ; all of them contained in Add. 14,658 (no. dcccclxxxvii.). The same manuscript comprises a treatise on logic and several other tracts on kindred subjects by the archiater of Ras-'ain. He also translated the works of Galen, of which we have speci- mens in nos. miv. and mv., and, in all likelihood, in the palimpsests Add. 14,490 and 17,127. Of his school too are the versions of Lucian Trepl toO /it) pa£ico<i inaTeveiv Sia^oXi), of
PREFACE. XXV
Plutarch i^epl aop^'qa-ia'; and pseudo-Plutarch -rrepl a(TKri<Teu><s ,* and of Themistius Tept aper^f
and Trept ^i\la<s, aU comprised in Add. 17,209 (no. miii.) ; of the Ge6ponica (no. mvi.) ; and, in all probability, of the secular laws of Constantino, Theodosius and Leo (no. cccxxxix.). Other specimens of these labours are the translations of Isocrates' X070? wpos ArjiwviKov ; of the Socratic dialogue entitled ooo^i^woire'; of the maxims ascribed to Pythagoras, Theano, and Menander ; of the Platonic definitions, and of Plato's advice to his disciple. The works of Aristotle engaged the attention of Probus, who wrote a commentary on the ■n-epi €pfj,t]peia<; (no. dcccclxxxviii.), and of Paul the Persian, who dedicated his discourse on the art of logic to Khusrau Nushirwan, king of Persia. These studies were continued by Severus Sabocht of Nisibis, bishop of Kinnesrin, who commented on the '"■epi epixfr)vela<;^ the Analytica priora and the Ars rhetorica (nos. dcccclxxxviii. and dcccclxxxix.). He was followed by Athanasius, who translated the anonymous Isagoge in no. dcccclxxxviii. ; and by George, bishop of the Arab tribes, whose version of the Organon (no. dccccxc.) has been already noticed. The translator of the scholia of Olympiodorus on the Organon (no. dcclxxxvi.) is unknovm, but he probably belonged to this later period. The dialogues of Jacob of Tagrit and the philosophical treatises of Bar Hebraeus have been mentioned above. Of grammatical writings, besides those of Jacob of Edessa and Bar Hebraeus, the British Museum possesses several, e. g., those of Elias of Nisibis (no. dccccxcix.), John bar Zo'bi (ibid.), Joseph bar Malkon (ibid.), and Timotheus, or Isaac, bar 'Ebed-Haiya (no. mi.) ; but in lexicons the collection is very poor, containing nothing but the lexidion of Elias of Nisibis (no. dccccxcviii.) and an anonymous com- pilation of late date (R.P. lxiv.).|
VII. Having said so much regarding the Literary value of the Nitrian collection, I will add a few observations on the palseographic information which may be derived from an examination of these volumes.
The material on which the older manuscripts are written, from the fifth century to the ninth, is vellum, finer in the earlier centuries, somewhat coarser in the later. In the ninth century this article seems to have become scarcer and dearer, and we find the monks, when in want of it, having recourse to the expedient of erasing the text of an old volume, thus rendering it a palimpsest. § This process often consisted in merely washing the surface of the vellum, in which case the earlier text was but little injured, and can be easily revived by the application of chemical reagents ; but at other times the scribe had recourse to the knife, and scraped out the older writing, in which case it is far more diflB.- cult, and sometimes impossible, to restore it so as to be legible. Fortunately most of the palimpsests in the Nitrian collection have been prepared in the former way ; for example, the manuscripts of the IHad (Add. 17,210), of the Gospel of S. Luke (Add. 17,211), and of
* See Gildemeister and Buecheler in the Rheinisches Museum fiir Philologie, Neue Folge, Bd xxvii.
t See Gildemeister and Buecheler in the Rheinisches Museum, loc. cit.
X Of this latter there is also a copy among the very
few Syriac and KarshunI manuscripts in the library of the India Office.
§ One of the earliest palimpsests in the Nitrian collection is Add. 14,623 (no. dcclxxxi.), dated A.D. 823.
9
XXVI
PREFACE.
Ephraim's discourses to Hypatius (Add. 14,623). The difficulty of reading such palim- psests is, of course, greatly enhanced, when the vellum happens, as is fortunately but rarely the case, to have been used a third time. Examples of such double paUmpsests are : Add. 17,212 (the annals of Granius Licinianus in Latin) ; Add. 17,136, foU. 117 and 126 (fragments of the Gospel of S. John in Greek); and Add. 14,665, fol. 3 (a fragment of the first book of Kings in Greek).*
The scarcity and costliness of parchment naturally led to the employment of other materials for books. Of the use of papyrus we have no example, the later papyri in the British Museum being either Greek or Coptic ; nor have I remarked any instance of the employment of leather. Paper, however, came into use as early as the tenth century ; thick but brittle, and of a dark colour, wholly unlike the cotton paper and other kinds with which we are familiar at a later date. Specimens of this class are nos. dlxiii., dccxiii., dccxxiv.,t dcccxiv., and dcccxv. Two other very old paper manuscripts are Add. 14,714, dated A.D. 1075, and Add. 12,144, foil. 1—176, dated A.D. 1085. Vellum and paper were not, so far as I can judge, mixed by the Syrian scribes systematically, as we find them employed in Spain and other parts of Europe in the xiv*'' and xv* centuries. Very rarely indeed are the two materials combined in any manner (see, for example, nos. dcccxxviii. and ccclxiii.).
The material, whether vellum or paper, was usually arranged in sets of four or five skins or sheets, each of which sets was folded so as to form a quire of eight or ten leaves. Such a quire was termed rdiaaicc^ ; a single leaf, rd^.t ; and the two pages of an open book were called r^**^ or " opening." The quires were numbered with Syriac arith- metical figures, or the letters of the Syriac alphabet, or both together; but after the ninth century, as a general rule,f the letters are alone employed. The Greek or Coptic alphabet is sometimes used instead of the Syriac.
For the manufacture of the ink we have recipes in the manuscripts themselves, going as far back as the ninth or tenth century (see p. 1015, and the General Index, art. Ink). The ingredients were gall-nuts, blue vitriol {x"^Kaveo<i — ov, xa^Kdveri, lL/];), gum arabic, and water. For the purposes of rubricating and ornamenting, the scribes employed various pigments or paints, chiefly red and green, more rarely yellow and blue (see the articles Drawings and Ornaments in the General Index). I have remarked that in Malkite manu- scripts the rubric has frequently a darker tint (carmine or lake), whereas in the others it is lighter (vermilion). The use of gold as a means of decoration was likewise not unknown to them.
• For a list of the Nitrian palimpsests see the General Index, art Palimpsests, and the Journal of Sacred Literature, 4"> series, vol. iii. (18G3), p. 125.
t Presented to the convent of S. Mary Deipara by the patriarch Abraham, or Ephraim, A.D. 977—981, and probably older than his time.
J I have found arithmetical figures in only one paper manuscript, of the xii"i century (Add. 14,684, foil. 1— 36), where they are employed in connection not only with Syriac letters, but also with rudely drawn Greek letters, and are evidently merely imitated from an older model.
PREFACE.
xxvu
Before beginning to write the scribe ruled his vellum or paper. To obviate the greasiness of the vellum and make it take the ink easily, he, or more probably the manu- facturer, rubbed it over with a fine preparation of chalk. This, when thoroughly dry, was apt to become detached in small particles, which fell away, carrying the ink with them, and occasioning a partial destruction of the writing, which sometimes renders even otherwise well preserved manuscripts rather difficult to be read.
With what instrimient the ancient scribes wrote, is, strange to say, a rather difficult matter to decide. According to an old form, which the scribes are fond of using, and which occurs as far back as A.D. 509 (Add. 14,542, no. dxlvii.), the pen was no other than our quill, rc^i&.i r^iarc'; and this would seem to be confirmed by the words on the margin of Add. 17,185, fol. 61 a, rdial^s r^i-**."! r^&iaocu , " trial of the quill-pen."* On the other hand, we find, especially in younger manuscripts, such expressions as r^*a>cu
ri-i^.! (Add. 17,128, fol. 180 b), ^ ,s3.i rt^ ("reed of the thicket," Add. 7149, see E.P. p. 4, and Land's Anecdota Syr., t. i., p. 58, note 2), and JjiJl S-^/f^ (Add. 18,715, fol. 39 a),
which distinctly indicate the use of the ordinary reed-pen of the East. It has occurred to me that the doubt may be solved as foUows in favour of the latter. In almost every particular a Syriac manuscript is a mere imitation of a more ancient Greek model. This imitation has been carried so far as to adopt the very words and expressions of the Greek scribes. For example, the favourite phrase, " as the pilot rejoices when his ship reaches the harbour, so does the scribe rejoice when he comes to the last line " (see p. 107), is literally translated from two verses which I have read at the end of Greek manuscripts. And in like manner, it is possible that the sentence regarding " the five pairs of twins who have ploughed the field of the parchment with the pen as a ploughshare " (see pp. 107, 417, 485, and Land, Anecdota Syr., t. i., p. 59), may be neither more nor less than a literal translation from the Greek, without strict regard to the exact applicability of the terms used.f
The method of writing adopted by the Syrians was peculiar. They placed the leaf horizontally, so as to bring the left-hand margin towards the writer, and then traced the words vertically. J Old manuscripts of large size were ordinarily written in three parallel columns, but such are scarcely to be met with after the seventh century. Subsequently even large books were written in double columns only. If the writer accidentally trans- posed words, he placed three dots over or under them (e. g., rctulak jSkri!' r^rC K'oenrt'o)
* r<lxfloOJ> is the word invariably employed by the Syrian scribes for " the trial" of the pen, the ink and the rubric. The Ethiopic expression is <5,'t^'}:, the Arabic,
t The pen in the hands of the Evangelists, as depicted in cod. Bodl. Or. 62.5 (Payne Smith's Catal., no. 27), proves nothing. Such pictures in Syriac manuscripts are only faint reminiscences of Byzantine art.
X Hence the position of the Greek letters in the note on p. 80, second column. This explains too certain expressions used by the grammarians in describing the position of the diacritical and other points. See the article of M. I'Abbe Martin, " Essai sur les deux princi- paux dialectes AramSens," in the Journal Asiatique for Avril-Mai 1872, p. 327.
xxviii PEEFACE.
or marked them with the letters A^ ^ ri' (e. g., rtUri- rcLico t ws n^-u. *oi).
The dots were also used in case of the transposition of letters (e.g., .Seoiciivrc'). The omission of a word was often indicated by a small vertical line (e. g., »<'c»Ak'.i I rsiienl) and the missing word (in this case nr-vi^J was added on the outer margin, parallel to the edge, and often so close to it as to be worn away by the fingers of readers or cut away by subsequent binders, particularly European ones. Quotations of Scripture or of other writers were marked by < or <■ , — or — : , and N; , placed on the margin at the begin- ning of the first and last lines of the quotation or at the beginning of each line.* In one old manuscript (no. dclxxvi.) I have observed the letter ^ placed at the beginning of the first line and -p at the beginning of the last, with the mark \- between. When the author cited quoted a third writer, double marks were used, e. g. « , « , <— , <— : , etc. I may add that the interjection ops' was distinguished at a very early period from the conjunction ok" by the Greek vowel a suprascript, anf. In later times this became or^, o1 , o), and finally 5] .
The work of transcription was accomplished with probably far more rapidity than is generally supposed. The scribes of Edessa, Amid, Tagrit and Scete were no inexpert penmen. Cureton speaks of " the time and labour requisite to produce even one copy " of a work,f but the example which he proceeds to allege is founded on a misapprehension. It is not the scribe of Add. 12,151, but the commentator Phocas himself, who speaks of the work as having occupied him for a fuU year in composition and fair transcription. The miserable monk Samuel bar Cyriacus (the barbarous mutilator and destroyer of several fine old booksj) spent, it is true, "more than three years" in transcribing Add. 12,144 (no. dcccliii.) ; but it shoidd be remembered that this is a volume of huge size, and that the said Samuel was by no means a first-rate penman.
At the end of the manuscript the scribe usually gave his own name and that of his employer, as well as the date of its completion, and more rarely the price paid for it. Sometimes an aflectation of humility led him to conceal his own name under the thin disguise of numerals or numerical figures (e.g., no. dcclxxviii.), or by the use of the so-called alphabet of Bardesanes (e. g., no. xxii.). The era ordinarily employed was the »^r**''V^^*M^/ , Seleucian or Greek, also called the era of Apamea (no. dxxxix.), commencing with the first of October B.C. 312 ; but others occasionally occur, viz. that of Antioch, commencing with the first of September B.C. 49 (no. dclxxxvi., and see pp, 705, 706) ; and that of Bostra, beginning with the twenty-second of March A.D. 106 (no. dccccxxiv.).
Carefully written manuscripts, particularly those intended as presents for the libraries of churches or convents, were generally collated with the archetype by other persons than the scribes, either at the time of their completion or soon after. See, for example, nos. xvii., xxii., xxiv., xl., Ixxi., and Ixxvii.
^.ii«f«>.<»f .«*<.< "-^i.
• See, for example, pp. 549 and 553. t Quarterly Review, no. cliii.,_ p. 61.
t See nos. Ixxv., ccxxi., ccxxv., and dccclxxv.
PREFACE.
XXIX
When the task of the scribe was done, the volume was handed over to the binder, who stitched the quires strongly together and placed them between wooden boards, which were usually covered with plain or stamped leather, and lined on the inside with linen or silk. To facilitate the turning of the pages of large volumes, pieces of cloth, or small hanks of thread, were attached to the margins of the leaves which commenced the principal divisions of the work. If the volume contained pictures, they were protected by pieces of cloth loosely stitched to the vellum. Of such bindings the Nitrian collection contains no specimens, the old wooden boards having been all removed ;* but Lord de la Zouche describes that of a volume in his possession as follows (Catalogue, p. 12): "The binding of this volume is of board, covered on the outside with brown leather, curiously ornamented and studded with brass-headed nails ; the inside of the binding is lined with a curious piece of embroidered or woven Hnen of the same date as the book."t
The finished volume was now deposited in the* library for which it was intended. The librarian made an entry on one of the fly-leaves of the name of the donor and the date of the gift, in most cases adding an anathema against any one who should injure, mutilate, or steal it. Books were, however, lent for the purposes of copying, collation, or study, and the rules of the library of S. Mary Deipara were so liberal as to allow six months for these purposes (see, for example, p. 82, second column).
VIII. The twenty photographs, which accompany this catalogue, have been selected by me with some pains to exemplify the different styles of Syriac writing ; and for this purpose they will, I trust, be found as satisfactory as any specimens that have preceded them, with the exception, perhaps, of the splendid reproduction of the Ambrosian manuscript of the Hexapla, which is now being executed under the superintendence of Dr. Ceriani.J
With the history of Syriac writing in the earliest centuries of the Christian era we
• In the preface to the Festal Letters of Athanasius, p. xiii., Cureton, speaking of M. Pacho's manuscripts, says: "The day after their arrival I went to inspect them. At the first view I could almost have imagined that the same portion of the library as had been brought, nearly five years previously, by Dr. Tattam, was again before rae in the same condition as I found it when the books were first taken from the cases in which they had been packed, as if the volumes had been stripped by magic of their russia, and clad in their original wooden binding ; and the loose leaves and fragments, which had cost me many a toilsome day to collect and arrange, had been again torn asunder, and scattered in almost endless confusion."
+ This is described by its owner as a volume of church-services in large quarto, 16 inches by 12, written on vellum, in double columns. Many lines are in gold
and red, and there are rude illuminations on the first and last pages. It was written A.Gr. 1541, A.D. 1230, at the convent of r^»AflQ^r<' hxxa (or S. Mary Deipara) near Edessa, by one Bacchus bar Matthew, when Igna- tius (David) was patriarch of Antioch.
J The student should consult the facsimiles which accompany the catalogues of Rosen and Forshall and of Dr. Payne Smith (now Dean of Canterbury) ; also those in Cureton's Corpus Ignatianum ; in the publications of the Rev. Abbe Martin (Journal Asiatique for 1869, La Massore chez les Syriens ; do. for 1872, Essai sur les deux principaux dialectes Aram6ens ; CEuvres gram- maticales de Bar Hebreus, 1872) ; and in those of Dr. Land (Anecdota Syriaca, t. i., ii., iii., but especially t. i.) ; Tischendorfs Anecdota sacra et profana, tab. iv. ; and Ceriani's Monumenta sacra et profana, t i., fase. 1 (Milan, 1861).
h
XXX.
PREFACE.
are not here concerned, as no document of a date anterior to A.D. 400 comes under our
cognisance.
In the fifth century we find the character commonly called Estrangela, redi^^i^noK', fully developed, and currently employed in a way which shows that it had already a past history of long duration. A fine example of this sort of hand is exhibited in PI. II., taken from a manuscript written at Amid in A.D. 464 (Add. 14,425, fol. 94 a). The Greek vowels in the first column are of course a far later addition ; and in the second column some words have undergone alteration in lines 8, 17, 24, and 25. The original readings were : 1. 8, riisn*^ jjoi ; 1. 17, (sic) r^aii^ -i^oiA ; U. 24 and 25, K^jj.isa «oi . Another instance of perhaps somewhat earlier date is afforded by PI. III., which represents a page of the Curetonian Gospels (Add. 14,451, fol. 47 a). The marginal annotation LtjjU^ ti tt- (t^pyA*^) rtfaieus.T r^uio is of much later date. Older than either of these is the specimen in PI. I., ^ '"' ' ' from the famous Add. 12,150, fol. 239 b, written at Edessa towards the close of A.D. 411.*
This is a splendid example of the hand peculiar to the scribes of the Edessene school, which we can trace into the seventh century, when it gradually becomes extinct. Some of the diacritical points have been added by a later hand, though this is not obvious in the photograph. The marginal annotation, doubtless written in the desert of Scete, in the year 1398, A.D. 1087, contrasts almost grotesquely with the ancient text, though the handwriting in itself is by no means bad. It should be remarked that in old Estrangela the letter w is not annexed to a following letter, and that, when final, it has no stroke to the left. PI. IV., taken from Add. 14,542, fol. 94 a, dated A.D. 509, exhibits the more cursive writing of the fifth and sixth centuries. The reader may remark the occasional omission of the points of the s and i (which also occui's in Add. 12,150) ; the use of the form 3 for 50, which is, however, common at all periods; and the annexation of the 09 to a following letter.
"With the sixth century arises a gradual divergence of handwriting among the Syrians, which developes itself more and more with each succeeding age, untU at last a manuscript may be discerned at once to be either Jacobite, Nestorian, or Malkite. I shall take these in the order named.
Plates v. — VII. represent the ordinary development of the Estrangela character as employed by the Jacobites of the seventh and eighth centuries. PL V., taken from Add. 17,134, fol. 42 a, may perhaps be the handwriting of Jacob of Edessa ; at all events it was written during his lifetime, as it bears date A.D. 675. PL VI. is from fol. 83 b of the same volume, and seems to have been written some years subsequently, perhaps as late as the beginning of the eighth century. The point of interest in it is the presence of Greek vowels added by the same hand that wrote the text, though in a different ink. The form of the vowels, particularly of the y, is the same as in the Greek word on the margin of PL V. PL VII. is taken from Add. 14,429, fol. 88 b, dated A.D. 719. The handwriting closely resembles that of Saba of Eas-'ain, " who never made a blotted ^ ,"
• The full page exhibits three columns, but the innermost column has been omitted for the sake of including in the plate the marginal note.
PREFACE.
XXXl
and there can be no doubt whatever that the Greek vowels, as well as the Greek words on the margin, were added by the same hand that penned the text.
Plate VIII., taken from Add. 14,548, fol. 116 a, dated A.D. 790, is, I believe, the oldest specimen in the collection of the current hand that prevailed from the eighth century onwards. PI. IX., from Add. 14,580, fol. 56 b, copied at Edessa in A.D. 866, shows the same character written more hurriedly and therefore more cursively. It has been corrected and retouched in several places, more particularly in lines 7 {rCa. in reiajt.ciSk3.i), 17 (. in ,en), 19 (ji in ^eoLi), 20 {^<\ in ^o«fb), 23 {ju> in jaooiai^), 26 (so and 1^ in KlA^aM.i), and 28 (.i in .cnoli^i). The marginal note has been altered by erasure, only the letters rda being in the original writing. This hand has gradually degenerated into the Maronite character of the present day. The form of the letter sh'm is a tolerably fair criterion of the age of a manuscript. In the earlier centuries it is shaped x or x; in the twelfth and thirteenth it becomes more rounded, a ; and about the fifteenth it begins to assume an angular form, a, differing in little but Size from that oiyud.
Plate X., taken from Add. 12,139, fol. 12 b, written at Antioch in A.D. 1000, is an example of a modification of the Estrangcla, which is very common, particiilarly in service- books, from the ninth or tenth to the twelfth or thirteenth century.
Nestorian manuscripts of the oldest period are not easily distinguishable by any ex- ternal peculiarities.* PI. XL, for example, taken from Add. 14,460, fol. 68 a, written in Beth- Nuhadra, A.D. 600, presents no very saKent features so far as the Estrangela character is concerned. The system of punctuation, however, is a tolerably certain guide ; and, in a less degree, the marginal ornamentation (compare Plates XII. and XIII.), which is not, I think, found in this shape in Jacobite manuscripts. As a rule, Nestorian manuscripts exhibit the ancient Syrian vowel system, in which the vowels are represented by small points or dots. The Jacobites, on the other hand, use the Greek vowels, though there is a mixed school, which employs both.f Manuscripts written by the Syrian Christians in Southern India conform to the Nestorian type. J PI. XII. is from a beautiful manuscript, Add. 7157, fol. 70 b, written in the convent of Beth-Kuka, on the Great Zab, in Adiabene, and dated A.D. 768. It is very fully pointed, but many of these minute vowels seem to have been added subsequently. PI. XIII. represents a page of the old Nestorian Masora, Add. 12,138, fol. 190 a. In this fine volume, which was written in a convent near Harran, A.D. 899, the writing begins to assume a distinctly Nestorian aspect. Some of the points are later additions. Lastly, in PI. XIV. we have a specimen from a large Lectionary, Egerton 681, fol. 66 a, written A.D. 1206—7, in which the vowel points and consonants are all of one date.§
• The term Nestorian, as applied to writing, is often loosely and inaccurately employed by the compilers of catalogues. Bosen and Forshall, for example," call writing similar to that of plate X. Nestorian ; and Payne Smith uses the word to designate the writing of Malkite manuscripts, like those represented in plates XVI. and XVII.
t See Martin, Essai sur les deux principaux dialectes Arameens, in the Journal Asiatique for Avril-Mai 1872.
t See specimens in Land's Anecdota Syr., t. i., tab. B., and Payne Smith's Catalogue (from Bodl. 625).
§ Good facsimiles from Nestorian manuscripts are given in Rosen and Forshall's Catalogue (Add. 7152 and 7167) ; Tischendorf, Anecdota sacra et profana, tab IV. (codd. Tisch. xiii., xiv., and xv.) ; Payne Smith's Catalogue (Dawk. 27) ; and Martin, Essai etc.. Journal Asiatique, Avril-Mai 1872.
XXXll
PEEFACE.
PI. XV. exhibits a page of one of our oldest Malkite manuscripts, Add. 14,489, fol. 83 «, written at Antioch in A.D. 1045. Here the deviation from the ordinary character is by no means strongly marked ; but in the next two plates the distinctive features of this hand- writing, which inclines in many points towards the Nestorian, are fully brought out. PI. XVI. is taken from Add. 21,031, fol. 40 b, which was written in A.D. 1213, probably some- where near Ma'lula. PL XVII. represents Add. 17,236, fol. 170 b, written in a convent near Tripolis, but by a scribe from the neighbourhood of Damascus, in A.D. 1284.*
The peculiar Palestinian character is, in its early days, little else than a very stiff, angular, inelegant Estrangela. The best specimen of it in the Nitrian collection is Add. 14,450, fol. 14, a palimpsest leaf, of which one page is represented in PL XVIII. by means of the autotype process of photography.t It contains a part of the Gospel of S. Matthew, viz. eh. xxvi. 56—64, but of one column about half has been unfortunately cut away. Compare Miniscalchi-Erizzo, Evangeliarium Hierosolymitanum, pp. 333, 363. I can only hazard a conjecture that this leaf belongs to the eighth or ninth century ; J but it is certainly much older than the specimens exhibited in Plates XIX. and XX., where every peculiarity is exaggerated and distorted till the character becomes almost hideous. The former of these. Add. 14,664, fol. 26 b, I assign to the tenth or eleventh century. § It contains Ps. Ixxvii. (Ixxviii.) 57 — 65. The latter, Add. 14,664, fol. 34 a, which contains hymns on S. John the Baptist, is probably of the twelfth or thirteenth century.||
IX. It remains for me to say, in conclusion, a few words regarding the compilation of this work.
The state of the Nitrian manuscripts when they reached this country may be best described in the words of Cureton in the Quarterly Review, no. cliii., p. 60.
" Upon openinpr the cases very few only of the volumes were found to be in a perfect state. From some the beginning was torn away, from some the end, from others both the beginning and end ; some had fallen to pieces into loose quires, many were completely broken up into separate leaves, and all these blended together. Nearly two hundred volumes of manuscripts, torn into separate leaves, and mixed up together by time and chance more completely than the greatest ingenuity could have effected, presented a spectacle of confusion which at first seemed almost to preclude hope. To select from this mass such loose fragments as belonged to those manuscripts which were imperfect, and to separate the rest, and collect them into volumes, was the labour of months. To arrange all those leaves now collected into volumes, in their proper consecutive order, will be the labour of years. Without the aid either of pagination or catchwords, it will be requisite to read almost every leaf, and not only to read it, but to study accurately the contest, so as to seize the full sense of the author. Where there are two copies of the same book, or where it is the translation of some Greek work still existing, this labour will be in some measure diminished • but in other instances nothing less than the most careful perusal of every leaf will render it possible to arrange the work, and make it complete."ir
» Among the facsimiles appended to Payne Smith's Catalogue is a very good one from a Malkite OctSechus, dated A.D. 1493 (Dawk. 8).
+ In the manuscript itself the old writing is of a light brown, almost yellowish tint ; the more recent, jet black. The autotype process fails to bring out this difiPerence, but the plate is in other respects an excellent reproduction of the original.
X Compare the facsimile in Tischendorf's Anecdota
sacra et profana, tab. i., no. xv.
§ Compare the facsimile given by Miniscalchi-Erizzo in his edition of the Evangel. Hierosolym., from the Vatican manuscript, which is dated A.D. 1030.
II Compare Land, Anecdota Syr., t i., pp. 89—91, and the specimen on Tab. xviii.
H Compare also what Cureton says in the preface to the Festal Lettere of Athanasius, p. xiii., cited above, p. xxix., note ».
PREFACE. xxxiii
To the labour of study and arrangement Cureton at once devoted himself, but he quitted the British Museum in 1850, and from that date the work languished. When I was appointed assistant in the Department of Manuscripts in 1861, I found that com- paratively little progress had been made; the later portions of the collection, though mostly bound in volumes, were in a state of great disorder, and the whole, with the exception of the manuscripts first procured by Dr. Tattam, required a thorough revision. To this task I devoted myself for about three years, taking notes of the contents of the volumes as I went along. Many I had to rearrange entirely, others partially ; to others I added larger or smaller portions from the later acquisitions and the bundles of unbound fragments. When this was done, I began to describe the books carefully in numerical sequence, such being the wish both of Sir 'E. Madden (who was then Keeper of the MSS.) and of Dr. Cureton; and the catalogue was actually completed in manuscript in this manner. When, however, Mr. Bond succeeded to the office of Keeper, the matter was reconsidered, and it was determined to attempt at least a certain degree of classifica- tion. Many of the volumes in the Nitrian collection were made up of two, three, or even four totally distinct manuscripts, which had been fortuitously bound together in the convent of S. Mary Deipara ; and we resolved to separate these so far as the description of them was concerned, and to refer each manuscript to its proper class. In most of the classes a further subdivision has been attempted. The Biblical manuscripts naturally fall under the heads of Old Testament, New Testament and Apocrypha ; to which are appended the Masoretic volumes, under the heading of " Punctuation." Then follow the various Service-books, commencing with the Psalters. In these classes, I have, whenever it was practicable, placed together manuscripts of the same sort or representatives of the same sect of the Church. Eor example : among the Lectionaries, the Jacobite commence with no. ccxx., the Nestorian with no. ccxliii., and the Malkite with no. ccl., to which last are annexed the Palestinian fragments (no. ccliv.). Again : among the Jacobite Choral books, those containing services for the whole year take the precedence, and are followed by collections of services for various special occasions (no. cccxlvii.) ; whilst the Malkite manuscripts are placed at the end (no. cccciii.). The patristic literature is divided into two series. The fij-st comprises manuscripts which contain works of only one writer, arranged chronologically according to the age of the authors. The second consists of volumes, each of which contains works of several authors, put together by the same scribe, and which therefore form manuscripts incapable of partition. This series I have arranged according to the date of the manuscripts.
Such are the leading features of the new scheme, which necessarily compelled me to subject my written descriptions to a thorough revision and rearrangement. At length I commenced printing, in 1869, and the last sheet of the first volume (pp. 1 — 400) was struck off, when a new and vexatious delay occurred. The premises of Mr. Watts, the printer, were destroyed by fixe on the IQ"* of March, 1870, and the whole impression perished in the flames, along with a large portion of Dr. Rieu's catalogue of the Arabic manuscripts and many other valuable works. Eortunately I had the proof-sheets lying by me, and was enabled, thanks to the energy of all concerned, to begin printing again in a
i
xxxiv PREFACE.
very few weeks and to finish the first volume before the end of the year. Since then the work has gone on uninterruptedly till it has now happily reached its close. Thanks are due on my part to Mr. Bond, the Keeper of the MSS., Dr. Eieu, the Keeper of the Oriental MSS., and Mr. Thompson, the Assistant Keeper of the MSS., not only for many valuable suggestions, but also for actual help in the revision of the proofs. As for the printers, their part of the work has been executed to my complete satisfaction, and if my own labours meet with the same degree of commendation which I can conscientiously bestow upon theirs, I shall have reason to be well satisfied.
Wm. WRIGHT. November 2th, 1872.
ADDITIONS AND CORKECTIONS.
In drawing the attention of the reader to the following list of Additions and Correc- tions, I have to thank my friends Professor Noeldeke of Strassburg and Mr. Bensly of Camhridge for the notes with which they have been so kind as to supply me. W. W.
Page 9, column 2, line 1. Perhaps tnusai, instead of being a proper name (which one would naturally expect in this place), may be a corruption of
."V» >20T , signature, autograph.
— 19, col. 1, 1. 30. Read JLrS^u.i.i .
— 53, col. 1, 11. 9, 15. Assemani is probably right
in pronouncing the name Dinur.
— 58, col. 1, 1. 35, and col. 2, 1. 15. Read 1188.
— 61, col. 1, 1. 20, and col. 2, 1. 10. Read 1437.
— 74, col. 2, 1. 10. Delete the words "Hablbai or."
— 79, col. 2, 1. 26. The vowel u has accidentally
disappeared.
— 141, col. 2, 1. 32. Read K'Avi^ %m<.
— 165, col. 2, 1. 3. Read " Syrian."
— 181, col. 1, 1. 6 from the foot. Read CCXLV.
— 200, col. 1, 1. 18, and p. 201, col. 2, 1. 14. Bead
1045.
— 207, col. 1, 1. 10. Read 1295.
— 248, col, 1, 1. 18. Read T^iu\aa> .
— 262, col. 1, 1. 3 from the foot. Bead r^llxLOKT:! .
— 265, col. 1, 1. 10, and p. 268, col. 2, 1. 3. Read
" Hisn Ziyad."
— 320, col. 2, 1. 9 from the foot. The words
rOcoajbi.t cnsav. Kl&^ojcsao seem to imply « a suffragan bishop," or one who held the same relation to a bishop that his (n^/ceAAoj did to a patriarch.
— 344, col. 2, II. 5 and 7. More probably rduooa
is a derivative adjective, formed like r<liJiauvM from Air^j« , r^jJOMT^ from r^SoH^ , etc. Page 348, col. 2, 1. 6 from the foot. Read 1079—80.
— 366, col. 1, 1. 3 from the foot. Read " 9, h, e."
— 401, col. 2, 1. 3. Read « fol. 159 a."
— 404, col. 2, 1. 14. Read " homilies xi.— xxii."
— 411, col. 1, 1. 7, and p. 413, col. 1, 1. 23. Read
518.
— 414, col. 1, 1. 10, and col. 2, 1. 5. Bead 554.
— 415, col. 1, 1. antepenult. We should read
— 416, col. 1, 1, 22. Add " See Opera, t. iii., p. 284."
— 438, col. 1, 1, 4 from the foot. Read eheCBepoi.
— 460, col. 2, 1, 6. We should read ia:k..i .
— 466, col. 1, 1. 19. Bead Kav.
— 467, col. 1, 1. 11. Read 605.
— 468, col. 2, 1. 3 from the foot. Read >u\m ,
p V vo V
i.e. »Ml~n , for i-uJ.tM .
— 473, col. 2, 1. 5. Read AAA».t .
— 476, col. 1, 1. 8. Or rather, f<Moit , misspelled
for r<i2flOr<'o\ , Thomas.
— 477, col. 1, 1. 25. Read 593.
— 489, col. 1, 1. 5. For cn^aM-&nx.o the Greek
heading requires us to read "nA«.-i» n. ,
— 492, col. 1, 1. 17. Bead Au»A« .
— 494, col. 1, 1. 22. Read ^-isapi^ .
— 495, col. 1, 1. 21. Bead e>£e7v.
— 496, col. 1, 1, 17. Read Qooui r^ .
XXXVl
ADDITIONS AND COREECTIONS.
Page 505, col. 1, 1. 28. After "prayer" add "in heptasyllabio metre."
— 514, col. 1, note t- Read 998.
— 570, col. 2, 1. 21. We ought to read .lar^ •
— 672, col. 2, 1. 7. The word f<A\CU»»\l seems to
be corrupt.
— 574, col. 2, 1. 22. Read rSlSOAl .
— 576, col. 1, 11. 7, 8. I have my doubts about the
commentator Toita A; i<^c\ may perhaps be
— 592, coL 1, 1. 3 from the foot. Read Aut^ .
— 593, col. 2, ]. 26. Read rCAuso.To .
— 595, col. 1, 1. 17. Read « the Orientals."
— 602, col. 1, 1. 10. Read r^xs .
— 605, col. 1, 1. 3. We ought to read KlaSaa^o .
— 608, col. 2, 1. 26. Read 14,683.]
— 611, col. 1, 1. antepenult. Read 773.
— 614, col. 1, 11. 9, 10. f^aaa^.iciare' is dtoSe'^ai,
not airoSei|<s. gee, for instance, Hoffmann de Hermeneuticis apud Syros Aristoteleis, p. 159, artt itlflaa-aoaK', rC\'\c\'\x^, rdaoaevSine', mefXi tw . t ot rt ^ t«* J i.e. airoSei^at, ciTrofpavai^ cnro<pt)(rat, airo^aive(T0ai.
— 631, col. 1, 11. 15, 17. Read 411 and
" Recognitiones."
— 633, col. 1, 1. 14. Read 411.
— 648, col. 1, last line. Read Jea\,.
— 668, col. 2, 1. 22. Read«Emesa."
^ eaS, col. 1, 1. 19. This dialogue is by John the monk.
— 704, col. 1, nos. 18 and 19. Or rather evroXiKov.
— 711, col. 2, 1. 7 from the foot. We should read
— 714, col. 2, 1. 9. Read .isa.l .
— 726, col. 1, 1. 3 from the foot Read 836.
— 732, col. 1, 1. 12. Read « Isaiah.". — Col. 2,
1. 15. Read 'Iftepto^.
— 747, col. 2, 1. 4 from the foot. Read rc:&oL .
— 756, coL 1, 1. 7. Readrdaoia.
— 766, col. 1, 1. 3. We ought to read r<h\osaauiua.
— 782, col. 1, 1. 28. Read 33—41.
— 800, no. 1. This letter is in heptasyllabio metre.
— 807, col. 2, 1. 15. Read rcllaiX^.
24. We ought to read
Page 809, col. 1, 1-
— 816, col. 2, 1. 25. Read reiaJs.l .
_ 860, col 2, 1. 17, and p. 864, col. 2, 1. antepenult. Read 1171—2.
— 868, col. 1, 1. 18. Read 5.
— 893,001.2,1.13. Readr^V*^-
— 897 col. 1, 11. 23, 24. There is some corruption in
the text here.
— 900, col. 2, 1. 3. Read .coaja*o\3-"' •
_ 904, col. 2, last line. Read ^..ocax^ m^i .
— 905, col. 2, 1. 4 from the foot. Read riV^axSttM .
— 907, col. 2, 1. 8 from the foot. Read Qo ai\l\»K' •
— 911, col. 1, 1. 17. Substitute t for *.— Col. 2,
1. 13. Read r^AuAxsixJai .
— 913, col. 1, 11. 1—3. Read : " The time, during
which he (Severus) was engaged in this work, was protracted for want of books." — L. 24. Afler " exposition" add " of the Apostle Paul and."— L. 3 from the foot. For r^dsai-O we should read Asa^o .
— 918, col 1, 11. 19, 20, and col. 2, 11. 7, 9. oa.oo'"U
are not K/oiVeij, "judgments," but xP^ce's, "ex- pressions" or " passages quoted as authority."
— 926, col. 1, 1. 12. rtfLni.aA.1 is an error for
— 928, col. 2, 1. 23. Read rc^lt\i\ rai .
_ 939, col. 1, 1. 26. We ought to read ^lxiA& .
— 947, col. 2, 1. 29. Read Cuaa^osixirC.i .
— 948, col. 2, 1. 3 from the foot. We ought to read
— 961, col. 1, 1. 14. Delete pi .
— 966, col. 1, 1. 4. R«ad «<'A\euAulA\ A^.i .
— 991, col. 1, 1. 22. We ought to read >2iJSaM .
— 1017, col. 2, 1. 22. We should read i^.ta. .
— 1018, col. 2, 1. 14. Read rdriOJto rdA pj.i . — L. 16. Readri'tire'.
— 1074, col. 2, L 16. Delete 1.
— 1088, col. 1, 1. 17, and p. 1089, col. 2, 1. 20. Read
586.
— 1122, col. 1, 1. 23. After pciliiri^ add
"(Terraneh, ij), , on the Nile.)"
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
xxxvu
Page 1123, col. 2, 1. 14, and p. 1137, col. 2, 1. 18. Read 1196.
— 11G9, col. 1, 11. 15, 20, 22. Read ,jl».4<. — Col.
2, 1. 1. Read ^aIk*.! r<'iuJ-aJooi>Avsa .
— L. 13. Read (fM»A») .
— 1170, col. 1, 1. 5. Add'a point after p^Av^Cui .
—Col. 2, 1. 20. Read i=nr<:i.l — Last line. Add a point after r^.*aiaiO .
— 1171, col. 1, 1. 5. Add a point after
r^lMxfib^ivsqo . — Line antepenult. Read
— 1172, col. 1, 1. 2-3. Add a point after r£im .
— 1173, col. 1, 1. 17. Read Avi-.-uA^K' .
— 1179, col. 1, 1. 19. Read 1732.
Page 1188, col. 2, last line. After 17,156, add " foil, la— 15."
— 1202, col. 2, 1. 8. Bead rei*ired .
— 1212, col. 1, note c. In the second line, for
"•l^jnon read "XSOH.
— 1250, col. 2, 1. 10. For 1279 read 1003.
— 1270, col. 2, 1. 15. Read"pr."
— 1274, col. 2, 1. 7. For 171 read 179.
— 1278, col. 2, 1. 6 from the foot. Read 1295.
— 1280, col. 2, 1. 35. For "^isn Zaid" read "Hisn
Ziyid."
— 1331, col. 2, 1. 27. The entry" 637, c. 2 (A.D.
534)" has been accidentally misplaced. It relates to tjie later Timothy III., not to Timothy .lElurus.
— 1341, col. 2, 1. 17. After relsiir^ insert
" iil^, on the Nile."
Preface, page v., note §. In the sale-catalogue of the Meermann collection, t. iv., p. 1, we read as follows ; —
"2. Quatuor Evangelia, Syriace, in membr., circa annum 1271, duabus columnis, exarata, fol. 202. Non- nulla hie illic desiderantur, ad quae supplenda folia membr. pura inserta sunt ; multis etiam locis laesus, at, quantum potuit, redintegratus. Cor. russ. Hie codex olim dono datus fuerat raonasterio Beithbiseio, in deserto Nitriffi ^gypti sito."
This volume passed, with many more of the Meermann MSS., into the hands of the late Sir T. Phillipps, and is now at Cheltenham. The above statement is repeated, in nearly the same words, by Haenel in his " Catalogi librorum manuscriptorum qui in bibliothecis Galliae, etc., asservantur" (Leipzig, 1830), p. 830; but in Sir T. Phillipps's own, privately printed Catalogue, the manu- script is ascribed to the ninth century.
Neither statement is correct, nor do I feel at all sure that the book ever was in the Nitrian desert. Mr. Bensly has examined it, and informs me that it contains the four Gospels, according to the Peshitta version, pre- ceded by the epistle of Eusebius to Carpianus and the Eusebian canons. It was written, according to a note on the last page, at the expense of the priest Thomas and one Aquilinus, of Hardin (?) on mount Lebanon, for the , convent of Mar Isaac of Gabula ; and was presented in the year 988, A.D. 677, to the church of Bith-Bisha (?), when one Bacchus was its priest.
eJ^i&jj^rC'.l (?) ^.i.TiJ pa.t ^OLar^ >i:»\o
>i-S9 ^ ■ ->^ K'i^.lA (<JCD «lsiv.9k O.I n Si o
p9 A&.i rCliJK'.i t<1ul*40 (?) T^laixA .OMJieur^
. ^tSar^ r^Lan yaOusa
,qp.1 K'.'urCla Or^ oq=> r<'inJ.T coX Any 1 r^Xlr^ rt'ctAre'.i r^iOba Avmi^ ,cnca^. yat<^a r^^u.^ \-it.At-gi onA^. t<lflaa JOK' »._^^ >en >CDoiur<'
ivAJE-a r^JLjs iv^.a.n r^^.T.^ ^1 .acix.^^r^'
>S9Cua r<l!iZ3 T'*'-— i*** "paxs cara r^Avz.(^3
^(<' tcno.i I \ N lo tcoooi^ »> t^cw m i «._i^.i
This last paragraph is probably in a different hand from the other two, and added more recently.
On the last page we also find the name of a priest named Aaion, and a note which has been partially
k
XXXVlll
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
• CDO
^1^
erued: r^^.v^.i f^cp .^.O^^A^oK'
. f<h>x»xsn T<i\^\oT->.i
On the first page is another deed of gift, in part
illegible, from which it appears that Abii-Siri (?)
bar Hurmuz, of Tagrit, presented it to a certain convent,
when one Isaiah was abbat. r^ZtV) rC'i.sao:^ ^9kX. ^cLu (?) f^ . . V»«<'-"» (?) »vs«i-"» re'v.-t-i ia r^VtUC.A'i r^A^jLt^ ,\sa r^ia»sa
. ,x.a . cnT'M.t r<^ii3ia&
In none of these notes is there anything to show that the manuscript ever formed part of the library of the convent of S. Mary Deipara, or of that of Abba Bishoi, for it is impossible to identify the "church of Beth- Blsha," f<*Ti-i iua.i r<h\^^ , with the latter monas- tery, tCLZxs r^l3r<'.i re'i»S . Where Beth-Bisha was situated, is unknown to me.
\
^^^^
iR'
>
^^ •''^ -^"^ T^cn
— ^Gd «rOCSX OC73
«ru»osc_-
X*^<T» VVV^^ -TOOB ^ I^— *^
^
x^'U^
x^^iax^
«^jE^Atfn
.«
f
Kkhi OoiQ^X^ '^ S A It' \
►•N
PL 7/ = 67 J '
o*
'^^=^tnt,^.
t^^ ^n.i[>^ «rnj4^
^OfTOl
<Tu&3* ^yainjivX
A^C73<5l!w-^SilCV
Ann 1/!, A.0 R Tz-.i Q,i •, A Pv /I /^ /I
«MuaneklJw*SKM
0<T>
1
4
^ A^, ^^
^^V-iij:\X:a OC73
.£&
■ .^ ^ t'- -:^ f ^,^ -^ifr*-' '
'-i-ai
alBioakiDaitkSalA
ADD. 14-, 451. fol 47 a_ Saec. V
PL V
iO
7 j^A/VZOm^" ? r^^? i*^
7^V
, Wvi*-^ -^'i? i^s-Jr-^^Vfl^V^^oZxiJ.^, :^>^ i»a^ u.i^'^
""*iWI—l ■ ^m\ I ^MMI^ IIIWIBWM—— I W ■ ■ I jWiI— III! ■■IWm II I I II IM — ^M ■
^baitBnaluI^ASi^Ijik
PL VI.
^^MxI^^Vj^*^
r*^au^ A;/ o^^^ A.k=a -iVTir, /*i^ ja> :Vi^^V. ^» I -^'.o^^^Oia %! .^ ^f^ .^^ W»Uo V;^a^ ,^o^^aaa=iJC-.Ji^,,tju^ j^^^, Mrji^t ^>»»V»? — • • . . . **
Uiceal.SmbI«<l:!aU«>
ADD. 17. 134. fol 83 b
PL K// = /»^.3o,zf_
•^^QJnA»:aLT^avan*,^^4 '^ ?;qo^oaan.^^a.4bowteri
KnccDtBi oou I>q it Sal Ucfa
PL Vlll
i
'IbLvn.W _, . ..,.^ ,.
y^^i ?^^'^»B^ I^ !^ J.^jfiSi iiAxe .{^ binB> o»4^«aL
4i Wi>4i»i«jS^.« V^^
A Ld^aa .^tJMuI 4**^^
,avty
.4> -M «*• -. '.l^n^AAJ . foAftJ^5,T /n-^ XkN ATmM V^'
I ^k^. \<^
/oi^ la^V/K» /^Al >o rfciiift^ Note) Jko lli>n^ f>'«n«u J^,> ^O7o^ -joAif dot fima *7i«jb9 0^ ^ b^liao .-ZiftiV
J^i>]&j^pft^:> -^»^ 019 A^t\tpiM KS^'Jun dor ^ m
'%iicd BnoalirtSiiuil
ADD^ 14,548. foi. 116a._ A.D. 790.
PL. IX.
^Vo^jjinV ^.>^Aii>\&a-^/«^.^*4
Ss? -^VSo VsAt^? ^u«a i^«Bo ^^a*^ ^>
vow
*M>a4i
«r»i
>Qs>w)
•^^OVm'W
a:o>
1tesBtInofaI>4tSaiblk
ADD. 14,580, fol. 56 b._ A.D. 866.
«^L.^ka M± MQi^ikf ti^$ tJootto .^gU^
'O^eCffoQUl^Jtv^b .^^STtv^^ ^^Butf .fO^^ oS^^
^ADcmiBrocls i«« A Stc UL
PL. XI.
•*
•s
/laafi '^maaa «<:lt9ax. V^^mVv <»aiAn:i<jCnX» ^ »^ Jcs^ t<^<v]i t^Jw-Cta.- 'i^'iaj^ ^-K=wTi*o ,<3Ll^0ft»«
/»»^ otwK^i^ v=»«t^« t<::*a4, t^r<ro.^«aa -**^
%(«'.BTo<iksI>arlSoii.l>k
ADD. J4,4-(J0, fol. 68a._ Nestonan. A.D.600.
PL XII
V-Art .\aun ,<4v*n -uW • T^.n>4 v^ nnSLsmev )Km1
**^-«7* «»»» Yixnrx Artf? •■ aoaftrsT'j^na cetera
...... ^^ e^.,
^k&a csjol. .^'.^
v^^xrr^tao V\evm rC^<^kaa
'id^m <vv^7 t^*T» ^^(?£i3»<v t^Lkii^ JSASa frJk ^^'vni^ .•-V\T» .naf\t^ t;^^'^ •vacw
- A(%xn v^^ii?^ ^-l»t^o *Ax7a -BAVaa? rna% e\evrr%
\jnSic\ .2kAx**<SaBA*j^Sh.
f^iinnac r^cyn ^an^ 't^lMti •; — saHo t^ftm r<ri,Vi,
t^— even ^-^iiia 'T^OaASA
^^«xvw\>a <^Viaa rdoc^
''JliKjQt Bicob DvX ocD Ick
K
*»i
PL. XII J
'^\>' ?^>i«B«l'>:t;A".^ ..
^AKaitdroohi r>iy k S«Jjtli
ADD. 12,138. foL 190aL_ N
esLonan, A.D. 899.
•• m ■ z • • *
•^<i9iitii\^svcicfi^
«rCi%wocfaXocicn nf3 cn»iC
iiTidl^^ii^f^
PL XV
•^* •
)^Qels;^k^^^^\L^^
••
VbiDeiH. BmbtqlS^ljIk
ADD. 14,489, fol. 83 a _ MalkiU, A.D. 104-6.
1
PL. XVI.
6
%caa Br»ok>i»|rlS«.,u>
r. 1 ,^ni rl /ini- "V/f^lUit^ ATl 191*^
.-3^ ^£LAxri6«f»'^auilA^ l^lcil^ of <^^^
o>r^ j^su/i u\Xki^ jtcLa oe^. /cA\ c^c^ Ju^ ^Kn£n^yecP9.^a^t{lLS^ff^%ib
JtlcrjLii e?°^ ^?^^ .•pi^a irA^o ,t^.* i>u>«si ^%
1tac«n.Broolf Dif & Stt Uili
ADD. 17,23 6. fol. 17 0 k_Malkile. A.D. 1284-.
T'^l-n- ^^ffV -Sii^
^.3
^":\jit^r
•«
^
'* i»
•^
I m-^T. ir
If
-^
\^i-«m tin>ok*. I *>■ * SCO,
1y*,1c:/-\ /*-! lii
PL XIX.
^^
JMW [J C ^ V '
D^ \
Vmcoii Btc -a >.v t Son 'j*
Add 14,664, fol. 26b._ Palestinian
PL. XX.
1
Hxc:::^^rcoinri23im0fi!irinia^ifm:ti^^ >K
ADD. 1-V,664, fol. 3 4a._ Palestinian.
CONTENTS.
Biblical Manuscripts.
Old Testament New Testament . Apocrypha . Punctuation (Masora)
Skrvice-books. Psalters Lectionaries Missals Sacerdotals Choral Books Hymns Prayers Euneral Services
Page
1
40
97
101
116 146
204 217 240 330 383 392
Pace
Theology.
Individual Authors . . . 401 Collected Authors . . . 631 Catenae Patrum and Demonstra- tions against Heresies . . 904 Anonymous Works . . . 1016 Councils of the Church and Eccle- siastical Canons . . . 1027
History
1039
|
Lives of Saints, etc. |
|
|
Collected Lives . |
. 1070 |
|
Single Lives |
. 1147 |
|
Scientific Literature. |
|
|
Logic and Ehetoric |
1154 |
|
Grammar and Lexicography |
1168 |
|
Ethics |
1183 |
|
Medicine |
1187 |
|
Agriculture . . . . |
1189 |
|
Chemistry |
1190 |
|
Natural History . . . . |
1192 |
|
Fly-leaves |
1194 |
|
Appendix A. (Notes and Additions to |
|
|
Eosen and Porshall's Catalogue) |
1201 |
|
Appendix B. (Mandaitic manuscripts) |
1210 |
|
Indices. |
|
|
Index-table of the Manuscripts . |
1221 |
|
Table of Dated Manuscripts |
1236 |
|
General Index .... |
1239 |
|
Index of Syriac Proper Names, |
|
|
chiefly geographical |
1336 |
|
List of Bishops, Maphrians, etc. . |
1349 |
|
List of the Abbats of the Convent |
|
|
of S. Mary Deipara |
1353 |
HISTORY.
DCCCCXI.
Vellum, about Qf in. by 6f , consisting of 130 leaves, a few of which are stained and torn, especially foil. 1—3, 13, and 130. The quires, signed with both letters and arith- metical figures (e. g. fol. 64 a, ^^) are 14
in number ; but the first is imperfect, leaves being wanting at the beginning, as well as after foil. 1 and 2. Each page is divided into two columns, of from 26 to 36 lines. This volume is written in a fine, regular Estrangela of the vi'** cent., and contains —
The first five books of the Ecclesiastical History of Eusebius of Csesarea.* The title, as given in the heading and subscription of each book, is r<'i\.%-Jk.."! k'A\„« s t.Ai ; but the
running title, e. g. fol. 3 J, is re^iui^ai^ojLif^. Each book is preceded by an index of chapters.
Book i., imperfect. Fol. 1 a. The missing portions are chapters 1 — 12 of the index;
• This work was translated into Syriac at a very early period, for the St. Petersburg manuscript is dated A. Gr. 773, A.D. 462.
the latter part of ch. 1, from the words
•ifKi)p^(7TaTi)v 8' olv o/J.co<i avTuv e-jrl rod vapovroi d)pfirj0r)v TTjv a(fyi^rja-iv Troti^a-aerdai ; the beginning of ch. 2, as far as eyw el/it 6 5eo? t&v Trarepcov
a-ov, and the end of the same chapter, from
the words 6 S' rjSrj Bia tovtosv ra deoae^elw; (Tjripfiara «« ttXjj^o? avSp&v KaT£0e/3Xr)TO ; lastly,
the commencement of ch. 3, as far as Sn Bi)
Kol aVTol, T»)? TOW flOVOV Kal aXt]OoV<} XpUTTOV TOV
Kara iravrmv 0aai\evoin-o<; Oeiov \6yov ^acriXiicfjq kuI ap^iKt)^ e^ovcruti; tows twttow? S<' iavrmv e<f>epov.
Book ii. Fol. 18 a. Book iii. Fol. 40 b. Book iv. Fol. 70 a. Book V. Fol. 96 b.
A note on fol. 130 b states that the volume was written by one Elias : t^ii.i Aa
rc'oolf^ . T:nr<^ ens rfio.i jao . coa ,^v,^^ >cDai\ry» v^o^eu ^a . cn-i\-i vv^Ajj.t .sco
The remainder of this note, which con- 6b
1040
HISTORY.
tained the date * and other particulars, has been carefully erased; and in its place is substituted the usual record of the acquisi- tion of the manuscript by the abbat Moses of Nisibis, A. Gr. 1243, A.D. 932 : A^oeo
Aur, iAuss pa •:• AaA ^ ■usarc's r<'v..TJt^i re-Axli^o ^ivmiKta ^4\»o relaArC Aux. •:• ^*sJL
[Add. 14,639.]
DCCCCXII.
A vellum leaf, 10| in. by 7J. The page is divided into two columns, of from 33 to 35 lines. The writing is good and regular, of about the ix*^ cent. It contains —
An extract from Eusebius of Csesarea on the various nations of the earth, and who was the father of each of them : : ^o^ f^ar^ ocn ptlv.K'.ia rtlixA .^^owAas rdax.o:^
r<l>i«m tw . -,nr,n^\ . Beginning : h\&^ oa : rdii^Hfloo i<lusaH\p p«i*\o^ .llor^ '*^^**^ zC^ar^ >.T:3a . tr'inilQAo r^&^Ha .lloK' .^^O^a
[Add. 14,541, fol. 62.]
DCCCCXIII.
VeUum, about 9jf in. by 6, consisting of 60 leaves. The quires, signed with letters, are 7 in number, but of r^ only the last leaf remains, and of ^ the first two leaves are missing. There are from 24 to 32 lines in each page. This volume is written in a good, regular Estrangela, and belongs in all
• The word J*i*r^ is alone legible.
probability to the middle of the viii*'' cent. The contents are —
1. Geographical notes, imperfect both at the beginning and end. Fol. 1 a. These have been published by Land in his Anec- dota Syriaca, t. i., pp. 23 — 24 of the text.
2. A Chronicle, or rather a collection of historical notes, the first part of which, fol. 2 a, is chiefly derived from the Chronicle of Eusebius; whilst the second part, fol. 35 b, seems to be a compilation from several later authorities. Erom the former, which is slightly imperfect at the beginning, Pro- fessor Rcediger has edited considerable ex- tracts in his Chrestomathia Syriaca, 2"'^ ed., p. 105 ; and he has also given a Latin trans- lation in Schoene's edition of the Chronicle, vol. ii., p. 201. The latter has been pub- lished by Land in his Anecd. Syr., t. i., pp. 2 — 22 of the text. The latest date men- tioned in these notes is A. Gr. 947, A.D. 636 (fol. 50 b ; compare Land, Anecd. Syr., t. i., p. 168).
3. A list of the Arab Caliphs, from the time of the prophet Muhammad down to that of Yazid II., ,coa i w.i reLj.icoa—^ rAxAri'.i [r<daQj]i ■\'nw.'gia . Eol. 56 b. This list appears to have been drawn up during the caliphate of Hisham, A.D. 724 — 742, not improbably by the transcriber of the manu- script himself. It has been published by Land, Anecd. Syr., t. i., p. 40.
Foil. 57 b — 60 a contain short hymns, rdixit^ rtfAii, apparently added by a later hand.
The note on fol. 60 b, in the handwriting of the scribe, once contained the name of the original possessor ; but a later owner erased it, and substituted his own (John), which has in its turn been almost completely effaced : ^J-mO-^.i] rdicn r<L=»A\.^ ,enaA\_.r^
. [ 4\ . . iua.i K'i.^i is
. ^^o^vjlK'.'I ^S3 A-^ . ru^ PC'H-a.l A^
rc'coArC'.l
^00
on ^n X.
A-l^.l ocn
EUSEBIUS.
1041
[Add. 14,643.]
DCCCCXIY.
A vellum leaf, 8f in. by 5|, much stained and torn. The writing is a good, regular Estrangela of the viu"" or ix* cent. This is the first leaf of a manuscript similar to Add. 14,643, and contains the commence- ment of an Epitome of the Chronicle of Eusebius, from the creation of the world down to A. Gr. 8—2. Title : rei_3 ....
^uau r^sn ^js^a rdtioa^.t ooxaaoaK'.i
co'i.TJOa.^r<'.i ^h\'i riV-^iausai^
r^lxio.To-s) . The work was, therefore, con- tinued by the epitomiser down to his own time.
[Add. 17,216, fol. 1.]
DCCCCXY.
Thirteen vellum leaves, about 11 in. by 8, several of which are much stained and torn, and two are mere fragments. The writing is a good, regular Estrangela, in double columns, of from 32 to 41 lines, of the viii* or ix"* cent. They contain —
Portions of a Chronicle, based on that of Eusebius, with a continuation by the com- piler. The part extant commences with an account of the composition of the Septua- gint Version of the Scriptures, and extends, in a fragmentary condition, down to A. Gr. 975 (eoj^A^At), A.D. 664.*
[Add. 17,216, foD. 2—14.]
* The fly-leaf fol. 1 of the St. Petersburg manuscript
•^ of the Ecclesiastical History of Eusebius originally be-
* longed to this manuscript. It comprises the reigns of
Ptolemy Lagus and Ptolemy Philadelphus, some account
of the family of the Herods, and part of the history of our
Lord.
DCCCCXVI.
Vellum, about 9| in. by 6, consisting of 41 leaves, many of which are much stained and torn, especially foil. 1—8, 12, 22, 24, 25, 31, 32, and 34 — 41. The quires, signed with letters, seem to have been 6 in number, but only -\^is perfect, leaves being wanting at the beginning, and after foil. 7, 13, 23, and 31. There are from 30 to 34 lines in each page. This volume is written in a good, regular hand of the earlier part of the x"* cent., with the exception of foil. 36 b — 39 a, which are in a smaller and more cursive cha- racter of about the same date. It contains —
Part of a Chronicle, chiefly ecclesiastical, compiled from the similar works of Eusebius, fol. 1 6, Andronicus, foil. 1 b, 15 a, and others, and continued to A. Gr. 1108, A.D. 797, fol. 36 a. The later additions, foil. 36 b—39 a, bring the history down to A.Gr. 1122, A.D. 811.t
This volume is palimpsest throughout, being made up, to all appearance, of por- tions of five Greek manuscripts.
a. Poll. 17, 20, 24, 25, 27—29, 31, 32, and 34 — 40, seem to belong to a Catena Patrum, written in slanting uncials of the earlier half of the ix*'' cent. The character of the rubrics is larger and more upright. On fol. 17 b we find the commencement of an extract from Chrysostom on a passage of the Gospel of S. Luke.
AOYKA GYArreAIOY.ePMHNlA...
. . . XPYCOCTOMOY .
On fol. 29 a there are the remains of another heading, but the name of the Father who is quoted has been effaced.
b. Several leaves from a codex of perhaps the vui"" cent., written in a smaller and more upright character (see, for example.
+ Foil. 40 and 41 are small fragments, belonging to the older part of the volume, but of which it seems im- possible to determine the proper place. 6k2
1042
foU. 10, 18, and 19) ; but the writing is now very faint.
c. FoU. 1, 4, 9, 12, and perhaps a few others, belonged to a volume written in small, slanting uncials, of the viii* or ix**" cent. Part of a heading, in larger characters, is stiU visible on fol. 12 b.
d. Fol. 11 was taken from a manuscript in slanting uncials, probably of the ix"" cent.; and
e. Fol. 21, from one written in a smaller character, of the same date.
[Add. 14,642.]
DCCCCXYII.
Vellum, about 7| in. by 5|, consisting of 17 leaves, the first and last of which are slightly stained and torn. The writing on the lower half of fol. 14 6 has been inten- tionally erased. The quires are without signatures. There are from 22 to 28 lines in each page. This manuscript is written in a fine, regular Estrangela of the vi'*" cent., and contains —
1. A tract, ascribed to Eusebius of Csesarea, showing how and whereby the Magi recog- nized the Star, and that Joseph did not take
Mary as his wife. Title, fol. 15:: .i ^
: a^^> : KlLsa : pao : r^ia-rS*."! : r<Ln^a& A ri t. : r^.io : rd:i&a&l : f<*T.ft^a : oocn r<lxi=a : >«vsal : ^oocu : Ktooo . Subscrip- tion, fol. 15 a : : JL^.i : T<\-snr£.sn : 71 \ t : oo.j.sQoore' : >i -an \ : i.A.sor^.i : rda^cu^ i^.«itt-D . This tract has been edited, with an English translation, by Wright, in the Journal of Sacred Literature for 1866, vol. ix., p. 117, and vol. x., p. 150.
2. A letter of Narcissus, bishop of a>a\>n(?) in Asia, sent to all the churches by the hand of the deacon Stephen, concerning an appa-
HISTORY.
rition of the Tempter in the church of ooa\in , on the 4*'* of the latter Kanun, A. Gr. 662 (A.D. 351) : oaow ojj.i r<'i\T-^rc'.i pi'.aaijiA
A^ iixri* ArA.1 r^i-iJ5a_x_5s3 00ft 1 °> \oorc'
t^<\rtnOQ^re* uoQofiTJ.i (sic) cn&uz=3 . r^ucui a>ci2Lin-3 iurC*.! ^A^Kb . caJ=a-:^.i rt* TiVno \ «>. -IT ^j;Sa.s».i K'^H^ i^QoK'.t K'AuiS.sa H, \ T. iA\r^. Fol. 15 a. Subscription, fol. 17 h : rstov** : l^-i = K'Axii^rtf' : Axsaii. rdi*aii5a.i . This document has been edited by Eoediger in his Chrestomathia Syriaca, 2"'* ed., p. 102.
[Add. 17,142.]
DCCCCXVIII.
VeUum, about llf in. by 9, consisting of 171 leaves, some of which are much stained and torn, especially foU. 1, 9, 39, 99, 109, 111—114, 116, and 171. The quires, signed with letters, were 20 in number, but the first is lost, and A< is imperfect, leaves being missing after foil. 110 and 114. Each page is divided into two columns, of from 30 to 38 lines in the older portions of the volume, and from 26 to 36 in the more recent. The greater part of this manuscript, from the beginning to fol. 131, is written in a fine, regular Estrangela of the vi"" cent., with the exception of foil. 1—8, 19, 28, 29, 38, 59, 68, 89, 90, 97, 98, 100, 107, 125, 126, and 131, which are in a plain, legible hand of the X* or xi"' cent. The later scribe has added foU. 132—171. The contents are—
1. A history and panegyric of Constantine the Great and his three sons, Constantine,
Constantius and Constans : li^.i reli_M^
, (?) oauic\&r^
1043
eoiAx_3 eua-Liore'.i ^r< . Eol. 1 a. It is very imperfect.
2. A narrative concerning Eusebius, bishop of Rome, showing the persecution which he underwent at the hands of the emperor Julian : .rn ■ -i wot^i ,eoO-i-*»^Js k'ouajl* : itLsooeni.i rCA\.i_^.l r<*°> n oa'\r< riisc\ . r^io-^o r«LJoi_\^ jtocuAcu t-sao-La Pol. 1 b. Eusebius is said to have been at this time nearly 97 years old, fol. 2 a, n^ioa
^ <^ V"^ "* TiT*^ " ."t i^ • rr* -\ to »^_Joa
rCixcu^.-iccsa.i ; but he outlived Julian, dying A. Gr. 673,* fol. 30 b : r^:L^<\\ ^.i .cv_d
. cTLSOJbA K'crAre' .'UiV-l rdlaioAa co-woi . rV^H-^1 ^jc»i»»A>aA3 eoh\a^xtzo h\r^t^a\r^Ci
(sic) .«- -« ^ "^ ^i\-X.O K'r^LJSaovAm o< 1 T. ,1 ^ ^ . -1 .^.cuc^ »^_i^.t <Tji>a_a-Lsa_=3 rdajK* . Subscription, fol. 31 a : A\ •ti \ t, »^«v\ *M ai-ij\i^ooaa.i K'Qo-lo-no r<Au.^J.A> rtllacOui coiuiJ.A<0 . »cnOJii."lO rtflia^enJa
3. A history (or rather a historical romance) of the reign of the emperor Jovian, or, as he is here called, Jovinian (ooai*i=i<u), giving, in particular, a narrative of the war
* Eusebius was bishop of Eome A.D. 309—311. The actual bishop in the time of Julian was Liberius, A.D. 352—367.
carried on by Julian and Jovian against the Persians. Pol. 31 a. The running title is simply a>o.iiA=>ci^ , which occurs from the very commencement of the volume (see, for example, foil. 1 a, 8 5, 13 *, 18 6). Tho name of the author is written oa^ioA^r^ , foil. 31 a, 130 b, and ouiXcdaK' , fol. 31 b ; and he calls himself a minister or official (rciLiixucaJso) of Jovian.* He composed the work at the request of Abdll, abbat of the place called rs'tcuioi ,^^w-»t, with whose letter it commences, fol. 31 a : t<sh\—^ f3a^^a\^T<A . r^v.s-X-.i A^rf.i n ^ .siu&.l ca-l.V . r^-^JLjds coa lii -)CV-.i a3JLSa^ca.sn rc'Qcn.i re* 1 nooft-^.i r<l-)i-^OOo ^^ia^cah\r^ o:o .0:0. 0:0 .oto. . r^wft ^ 1 *w d\ I ~i
r<L.aom— 1-1 i^_jiA\0_* r^_3ca_».i r^.'VjK' icb : r<L^cua.=>9.i V*-^ r^JV-^r^ . r^-aow I \o : iivj^ iA< s'sa ax>.ii : en im ^.1.1 rdsaA.t
. rdaacoA ii.lt rC'^CUM.i-a m-a . r^O-o-Sa . cnAv3cna*yi'-i cnA .s y^nAxAx Kilo K't^J-i.l cnA<fti\*M >q3 . re'iiv^iSa r<*n I'loo r^JcJkrCll .n&.l re'i.a iu^ca rtLsol.i . rtflriijc ooaocta* ."U^ . nlXMoi r<'ia\^ r^iuii^ p<'i»'U»i . t^niin r<lii^Ojl i__4>a^.3.'l cbQm'\a \aA ^^Kl5ai» . aiAaooaAo ai^aocxula ari.a ^r^ Oi^ ^
i>i_^i\A<f<'.i rd_j-iA\cu» ^. *-\^ io— ^\ rtlA
• Land, Anecd. Syr., t. i., p. 21, note, conjectures that we should read either Qa_ki_l_A_&r^ , Apollinaris, or «v» . t/\ \ «xt^ J ApoUonius.
t Land, Anecd. Syr., t. i., p. 22, note, identifies this place with ca.»iUJ» (sic) near Maridin, but this latter name is written by Assemani, Bibl. Or., t. ii., p. 228,
, with shin.
HISTOUY
fti n\
1044
. ,-'--'«' i*\^A\^."w . r^i"U.» K'Ai^.'iA oAtreto ^osa.-uao . (Ufcirc* ^jSn*tio n"VuVi r^ii^pda.l
. r^dl^CU.l co^nLa rd^iu» AK* rs'AiOJSO.va
fULxxs cfisalcuLO . rVA^oiilsa hus» r^ocos rdaias (fol. 31 b) ^jIco >i:k.o . Ttlioi5i^i ><x>cum liis-o qvoxiIasCU.! cn^aaio cnoolcVD .^r^ ..aam
mhvSiMifi^ Qo^vlcLL&r^ ^rc* oina .l-^o
,cnaia'v=i . crA .soiv^.i AnT o . ^rC jiz-io A-I1.J1.1 oca '. t^\,\ T.io . T^'^vi.u w 1 i\ft*i . '^^'■\'\""'^" iua.i ^ r^^CU&AjM K'ocn r<'Ocn cfisox..! . .im rC'i^via .si onX r^aca b\^r^ . rtilA^ooo.io r^i^u^.-u:! rti'TOL^^ . ooCU^l&aCU ,coQ\* -fn vO-±a ^ i<'ooaJ.t oo&t^.'ua a^qo.i jt,o . r^oi^i . At the end, fol. 130 b, we read as follows : .^ciz*.i cn.ia:^ K'i.-a ^.i r^rc" QBCUUaCU.i r^XM^oo-SS Qa*iai°kr<' *. r<ijux.:a «<^saMio K'i^usal ^ca kLmlu^ .13^. . r^^Lsa re'i.OJt-.i A^rtf'Taj^ ,i-Sa (fol. 131 a) . rVoolpc'.t "^omH i<x.ah^ r^cn oco.t . r«'\cu»M »_orua>.l . ^-Ua re's-! on I T-n T "a i ■ -« . r^x^cu . crxJSO.&JioK'o cofia^Aj^o cn&ujkJL.^ orA ^dox-tj.! iA.a^ .Vi .. ^.,^^0x3 rC'ocn.i rdlcn Klsi^.i K^T > T.i» coj.vio.^ ^ j_A».^.» Ai-^ r^vz_).i A
rdjeoxnsa .x&cuxiacui (sic) icncuu* T^lsalciz. r^co&.l cnA>asn\ rdlis^ ^.i ^:ia:^ . r<'<^.vL.i ^coo.iiao . K'l^O^.&J.i r^H-aoi irxMrti* . rd>cpt r^'Au^JL^ ^re" ^A\^(<' . i^vs i^is ^cni.tJittso
. i— :^A\— floK' ^-kJta.t-a.i . i\ ■r<' ^:sa ^i^^a OK* r^ivJ^.l ^ ^.1 ^ ^ T °> . ^ocn ^ooaI'vuCv Av^rc'siT.i Klciva kA.i.i .iV.K'.i L>cr}&vi:^.x.it coA^cu.i -1 srai -t ^.i ojcn . ,.*>!» a i^.d\j»r^ jiCn'M i<'(kj»ia* A i\ n -t . rdioiAg .ngftl Acu?t Aj^ ^1 o-JCD . aa\ TT^^mo oQ.Mio(<' r^oco . r^^.v:^.i cojioai^ co^Qwi-it. A:^ .'-**'* i . rt*i»i yral poMi .floa)i^>^tY>CLp cn-s tr^i ->:< «_ocniAgA : ^i^ar^' .i'g!i\*>\ K'liv^icml ctui^o.-i r^ai r<lfloair3 oocd ^-»ioQ-3^ t ra.i . r^<\i>' m.i cn-:Moi— 3 ^^ori-»''i-AA\..'\.A K'ocd kLL-s.i r^u2^ CD^jat rdiaoio^ KliorA . ^_ocnivu.-W93.-i
m-DoCLis cnn^r^ .s-jl-CUI vyr^ . r^..'ai,M.i icn^ . >cfx>vuo A^. A-^o • »coq\-»hio k'^o^.i jmtta coijjal .»t-iTiO . cni&is.i r^TAQ t-i ckls (<'^.i^D h\x3 > coons 1.1 t-^i^rcta . >coa\TM,i.i r<'\rc'i A-S>ax.o cos Ktocn jjls.io . >coo'-i^i\^ . cnAv-aw%>-3 "^ »- ""v" cp.VMr<'o . cd^o^Am.i r^MlOK" .%Mr«'o • r<*iVi\ylr<A jcii ^sa vy^cno rtf*! i\^ ortf* ^.1 ^OCD •<-='A« • coAultrtLsa.i co^Q 1 .Ax.i kLi.icdO—^ .^r<'.T . rc'cnArc'.l r^h\ 1ST Av3 y\.t tnr^ . K'ii^i.sa rc^i i^wrc*.! ISM Aur*' r^LjiAtcu.i . r^-£a cAk* K'.ico r<L&AjS3.i rc'A>0_3^.t AA^ rcArC , rda^'iA rdJcn A^^ ^J^acniAuaoJ^ . O-V^ ^ ^orArusa . .-'■-'M vA (fol. 131 b) Av.aA>A >,^a> ^ A An . jLO . ixajt. rdi3\ ^ Ktocn .v^ r^I^^Axii.i 4. A collection of Lives of Saints and Acts
• (p) OBuiC^r<'
1045
of Martyrs: KlAo rCi-.i-t r^\ -\ tn Jl-v.
a. The history of Thecla, the disciple of
S. Paul : ,m KILdAi r<'Av.«iu>^.i di_>r<Ltq.TJD
^cLAcua.1 . Pel. 132 a. See Add. 12,174, no. 76.
b. The martyrdom of Peter, archbishop of Alexandria, in the days of Diocletian :
.jsdcOaAJLiio.i >mclju3 ^ocn.i . r^Ao n fn<\r<' relb.xx.i . Pol. 139 a. After a short preface, the actual narrative begins thus : ^*.t k'ooo rtlicxru'-i^ ,»! ,j]0Oi!!^ r^iao^^ v^a\if»r<' .1^ ."»A . r^Lalsb ^2a r^lat ooria oi.iAut.K'.'l ^il»r^
Kl^A^l .C» li^\ no.-VA a-2k..iOrC'o . K'H-A-CoK' . .jco . caz>i AiiAvu.i Kl&j£J9 .tci^
c. Some account of S. John the Evangelist, ref^i^satA^oKto rdMiAx. ^<x>.i rc'AvukjL^ , being an extract from the Ecclesiastical History of Eusebius, lib. iii., cap. 23. Pol. 144 a. This is followed by an account of the decease of S. John, rdsaVv. ^^ ^Imcu^i cn&voa^a A,:^ , extracted from the samework, lib. iii., cap. 31. Pol. 145 b.
d. The martyrdom of Poly carp : pfA\ i s r.h\
Pol. 146 a. This is also an extract from the Ecclesiastical History of Eusebius, lib. iv., comprising the last sentence of cap. 14 and the whole of cap. 15.
e. The story of the Seven Youths of Ephesus, or the Seven Sleepers : rc'<ki:skZ.^
Beginning, fol. 150 a: r^\%\-\\ >Lx. xa.
. icncdao r^^lbn japo°>i\i°> »:acua ...o^re'i^ cn^o^jiM.l ^ I \'i. .SIT, iiia ^tmK'.i ocb tr' I °>o.ii .ia^.1 ocn .tin i o.i ^^a A^nAsrC
Xo . r(*i i\floHfl> A^ rcVc*!,^ . The names of the youths are given thus, fol. 150 b :
: .tn i^TJAo : .j»ai«\\pOpr<ta . .tn i \ \pf^o Klssio-i i-Ls : .flag n.ticuao : .xa.j.^^.Aja0o
rC'^a^.tJM.i . Compare Add. 12,160, fol. 147 «, and the Acta Sanctt. for July, t. vi., p. 389, Acta alia etc.
/. The letter of Simeon, bishop of the Per- sian Christians, to Simeon, abbat of Gabula, regarding the Himyarite martyrs : K'Ax'i^re
iv_k-&ore' r^LSkO. n en t <\r^ ^__&^.'ri r. i.-ux..!
jsa r^A=a.>crLSa.i (^aTroKpia-idpioy r<'T t» ti n °>r^
: rd.xicu.1 .x^oiio ^^"<^o rcVdsaraiit Amt-i : «vn.\ o«/\.'^ cd^aaIso.i &uL Auz. (A.D. 524)
Pol. 157 «. See Assemani, Bibl. Or., t. i.,
p. 364. g. The history of Archelides (Arche-
laides?): .j»o»A*Air<' kIz^.td Aa^.i k'Ax i s t Ai
K'Axcucu^.l rc'Hao.'tsJ."! oaa (marg. jJa-.-uL^ire')
tX^n Au£3.i rfi^.i-a jK^Axrcto rti'orAr^ll i-^x.
rduso. Pol.l60«. HewasthesonofGallienus
(r<iiA5^) and Augusta (r<:\a>ai^r^) , citizens
of Constantinople in the time of Gratian and
Valentinian.
1046
HISTORY.
h. The history of Hilaria, the daughter of the emperor Zeno: rCi^.v> -^"i rih\^i^3.h\ r«lais9 .,^OA.t.i coA^is. rd-ir^r*-. Fol. 165 b. Subscription, fol. 171 b : f^Ai.^.ajt.A\ *«-aiA_x.
[Add. 14,641.]
DCCCCXIX.
Vellum, about 10| in. by 6|, consisting of 193 leaves, a few of which are much stained and torn, especiaUy foU. 8, 9, and 181. The quires, probably once 24 in number, were originally signed with arithmetical figures (see foil. 36 a and 154 a, where A^ and ^^ are still faintly visible), but subse- quently with letters. Leaves are now want- ing after foil. 9 (one), 16 (two), 181, 185, and 193. Each page is divided into two columns, of from 30 to 36 Hues. This manu- script is written in a fine, regular Estrangela of the end of the vi*"* or the beginning of the vii'^*' cent., and contains —
The Ecclesiastical History of Zacharias Rhetor, bishop of Mitylene, in twelve books, which has been edited by Dr. Land, and forms the third volume of his Anecdota Syriaca, Leiden, 1870. See also Assemani, Bibl. Or., t. ii., pp. 54, seqq. ; Mai, Scriptorum Vett. Nova CoUectio, t. x., pars 1, p. xi., and pp. 332, seqq. ; Land, Anecdota Syriaca, t. i., p. 38; and Noldeke in the " Literarisches Centralblatt" for 1871, Nr. 1. The work is divided in this manuscript into two volumes, foil. 1—107 and foil. 108—193, the first volume comprising five books, and the second seven.
I. The actual title prefixed to the first
book is, fol. 1 b, r^H^OOo.i rC'iAu^JL^.i rC'ikxal^ »<:sa\jfc.3 cuL.i^^s , " a volume of narratives of events which have happened in the world ;"
but the running title r^i^t.i (r<La5^ou«Aiirc) , " the Ecclesiastical (History) of Zacharias," appears at intervals, e. g. foU. 3 6, 43 b, 71 b, 76 b, etc. It is evident, however, from the introduction to the third book, that the greater part of the first and second books has been compiled from different sources by a writer who lived only a little later than Zacharias (during the latter half of the vi'^ cent.), and incorporated in his work nearly the whole of his pre- decessor's labours. See Land's preface, p. x.
The first book comprises a preface and eight chapters, which are indexed on fol. 1 h (Land, p. 2).
1. The preface, rdj-sa.Tn reix-i . Pol. 1 b. Erom this is extracted the following passage, explanatory of the contents of the first part, whence it appears that the history was brought down by the compiler to the year of the Greeks 880, A.D. 569 (fol. 3 a, 2""^ col., at the top; Land, p. 5) : ivsard^ Ajji^on rclsa^
i&ua
^
a^mo
r^Lx-oHsA
ja.-1\o
• r<l^
.tmls ^jxJ^=a rdXo ^xiL>i\:t . ^\ ^pv=> oocp.i Ori* K'AxH^K' ^ ore' rd^^fai vyptf'.T . r^aix^
. rCwH-x. T^s -yi T xr'^ ^^ • "I^ »» "^ (-^ . r^xsi^insn^ r^i^cul ^..O^t.'iAua .^OxJaAu
r^.t.l . rdssCLSi jjAu&sao rtf'ivsiUVM ^ A^.l ^.1 ao^^ . .zaiua .jc:i\^ ^cn.i r^ii.!. .fo.i K'^Va.l r^^.oAoit i.&Qaa.i rdu'-iooo rOjiM^^.l r^jj&A misn . iur^* r^.ioo.io "pxsa rd°JujCUL
.300^ r<L»-iai.i . rc'ikAo .._^^\»X (<1&.aJO ^ QoaQoaAj^o . QoijyOn-ii\op.i cniivso . duoor^.i
ZACHARIAS RHETOR
. «._^«oA QM*»10 OOCD.l ^CD ^^OSO . ^^^
K^tA rdsoicuLO ... (sic) r^VioQ» rc^l&Asa
i^uu
,JjAiLAJi2q.i
r^
en
ocas:t
.TA . ^ A i\-i re'i^cua^ A:w KLi^.i 1^^
'A ^J.jjJrC' ^i'w\t.
olo . T^!jL^:ua r^Ls^il^.i rC'Ax-in'k
Or^ . re'(^cU'iaax.s r^i^iisal .u-itio <yi\nvi
^r^uiMK*.! ^A>r^ r^h\i<A^ i.^^O r^l^
^.V>ivj^.l • rVi^'-i.^^j<lao r< m » ;: -» .icuAa . ^LbULSkXSa r^ r^ca vyi^.l ;p.T=a . jit <m.i
2. A letter, asking an explanation of the chronological differences between the Greek and Syriac texts in the genealogies of the book of Genesis : .\\'7n r<'oo*a, . (-i^s rdx.i re'^.TAo^ i-&a>.t rc^i I 1 m . Fol. 3 b. See Land, p. 6.
3. Statement and explanation of the said chronological differences : . rc'A>_Ai<.i t^-x.i T^liixsa.i r^i&evQo.i r^^oi^o j> «\'wo r<*iii\
1047
Fol. 4 a. See Land, p. 7.
4. A letter addressed to Moses of Agel (see Assemani, Bibl. Or., t. ii., p. 82) regard- ing the book of Joseph and Asiyath (Ase- nath) : rc'iKA:kz.^ A^.:i r^^o^^ . nel&.=>ir<'.'v r<x.i ^oA (<'.icn A3^ K'^-v^^ . ^oocu.to ^Qor^.i
r^Ji^K' neix.ccsa . Fol. 8 a. See Land, p. 15.
5. The reply of Moses of Agel, rtf x.i
rc'i>'i\K'.i reliu^ re^zsoM.i . Imperfect. Fol. 8 b. See Land, p. 16.
6. .The book of Joseph and Asiyath (Ase- nath), translated from Greek into Syriac by Moses of Agel. Fol. 10 a. It is imperfect at the beginning and in the middle (see Add. 7190, fol. 319 a). Subscription, fol. 26 b:
cn^iur^ ^oore'.io J&oocu.i r«'(K»:^jL^ icaix.
rduAA K^cv* r^ixi ^ r<laje.&99.t ^a>cu.i
T^j^ickQo . See Land, pp. 18 and xvii.
7. The history of Sylvester and the em- peror Constantine, and the disputation of Sylvester with the Jewish doctors. Fol. 25 b.
ooiA^tVi -I \ »Qo.l rCn T.Q-A . rf'^ -i V.i KlJLi K'.i-sa-Ao^ .ot-\ •»■■» KLsnocni.i '***^i '^\ '*'
r<^< «s\*yi\ rctocn^t rdjci.-to ""i \^ -> rCocn
.r^aocoia ms on\y\nlOQi>o r<l&\sa ^.to r^iAoa See Surius, De Probatis Sanctorum Vitis, t. iv., Dec, pp. 368, seqq. ; Land, pp. 46 and xvii.
8. The revelation of the repository of the bones of S. Stephen the protomartyr, Nico- demus, Gamaliel, and his son Habib, from the letters of Lucian, the priest, of Kephar-
Gamla. Fol. 43 a. . rtlusa^.i (^x^i ^o^
r^xii . oociia!t^QO(<'.i i^sa'i^ ^ea>Qs.i Klii)^
6s
104=8
. ai_:3a.i-ii-kJ.io . r< « ■ t *«i n.-! re'.icboo.i
ttCOuicAs rfi^ii^ri' r« • "^*^ Ott.oo.-iK'ix rtflsd^ iAAS r£xtxn . See Siirius, De Pro- batis Sanctorum Vitis, t. iii., Aug., p. 31; Land, pp. 76 and xviii.
9. Some account of the Syrian doctors Isaac (the Great, of Antioch) and Dada. Fol. 48 b. 1^ ^.losa reliJuA*! ^oh\ rix*^
See Land, p. 84; and Bickell, Conspectus Rei Syrorum Literarise (Miinster, 1871), p. 24. 11. The introduction to the second book commences on fol. 49 a (Land, p. 84). jci f»»Vcv».on\-ai<' ii\3 . ^i^':i rdaijci rd.'icut. ..•:•. «« ' \ i nnmn . rd^ioo-a W I nooOrC'.l
HISTORY.
rS'iiJt . relir^ .va.^ ^-"iA\s r«l=jijt.s r^.ieo
cn^aaA.sa.1 . ^jxi. ^jAx-iAno ^^&u r^sa.T^.
f<ii^■i_!!<^eto rC. u it^ ^-Sa . .a_ArtL_5ia-A _^-.A -. -^ K'ivu* r<'A\\s»3a . r^i^»iisaaacno . K^x.oi.&.'i rOii\o_.a rdi.icncukl i_aai\At<' ^r^ ^_^Xs.30 . . o . •:• . o . >-sa*»<'.i vyK* r^X^JcrAo . re'AxO-uri'.i pdx.io.'iA ,^oi.*^ . rdi.aa*oaS)3.i rtf'^oxDAio . rO^cu >saMH.'Y
r^\ -o^f r^ai v>^lsis t^\i»i rC&xisi lh\ia .a^r^ K'ivz-.l rdsao^ jjii^kSoao . .^.Our^
K'lka.tQa&a ^'^^ =*-^ • Aa^v&sa!^ i^r^ r^ijLM r^v^ Kla^vso . r<% (vni. (sic) ^r^o . rel^oio K'^H^^^ oK'.rc^ua^^j&^a (sic) ..rt^^pni^-qoco
Kl&\s9 ttACo.irC*^ >±)9oIai K'i^y&.l K'livMjLiil ri'i^rtfla.i rc'A^i s-an -).t rt^sTT rdJSa-j-LjL.l jjL&ivx.r^.l r^^^^soJSOi^ociA ^..ocrAa . ooooaaK".! rc^i^o.ilo .r^K'^i.i ^i\ (fol. 49 6) rt^iocaa jjLajc.99 Acv&i . ri'orAre'.i rcViLaoxAo r^x.:vo.i
^\ r^.t-M.l . ^cn.i r<i\casiv&;» rd^oo^ f<A.i (sic) rtfiso^Jiaa ^rC^i^sa ^IjjJK' ^^vasa.t
i«v^'- .Z.l.\^ ^jJ^r^ . VVO.l VVO.Va ^i-Ma^kJC.l
^.1 re^cna . Qa^oo.ir^^i >cDeuMa ^ij..! ^lAx. . vssreLa.l vwK* T^-lrX* .aiu^-sa rd-ai-X. .x*i rd&cA^orc' loi^ . QoAo^iA^i^Qscuia UO.10Q3OQ9O . Kllm^ .z*i oca oocu<ol&o . r^\»x
cnL*.i Qo^ooirtf''^ ^_oi^-is .t K'^aH-*.! iJui ooo.ioaioQo AcA^ .ao^o . OJUA:t r^^a^^ar<'.i
Q0O_l*cA^ A^ ^OCD.l OOOQO^T^al ^^H^.l
, Qoca.sa.io . oaAiiinQjQ aoi&QQa>.i tSaoiLst rd&aoQaa.(<' (sic) i<uosa^o ^ioo^o KVdsao r^aijca r^t^* rCijcsa ^.Vacno ^^ocaJSOJ^
. rc'i\\4\.l
Then follows an index of the contents of the five chapters into which the second book is divided. Pol. 49 b. See Land, p. 85.
1. The history of the Seven Youths of Ephesus : r^sousa&ocn rdoo.i-o r^x»\ .ao^ rC^i.^.saa jz^sn . asoMJ^r^.i K'.icnoo rc's-iT..! ooOQiL^r«la.i . o_iJLA&ux.f<' rCio^ Qf>\ % \r^i r^iA»t<'. Fol. 50 b. See Land, p. 87, and Add. 14,641, no. 4, e.
2. Of the heresy of Eutyches, and his de- position : K^o^^oK*.! Q&>ooicn A^ ^i^':i r<lx.i cnL.i Qotooi^o r^xtXB . Eol. 58 a. See Land, p. 99.
ZACHARIAS RHETOR.
1049
3. Of the second council of Ephcsus, con- cerning Flavian and Eutyches : r^<kl^.i rdti
t^'i^.i
A^. K'Aui*cn'\-i
.^..losa
^(ni(A.i oo.icaJooo
rel.'U.i r^o!\,or^o . Fol. 59 a. See Land, p. 101.
4. Of the succession of bishops at Rome, Alexandria, Constantinople, Antioch, and Jerusalem, from the first council of Ephesus to the death of Theodosius : rtia>ai»<'."i r^±.i
rtlso.i.^ . ooQtu^r^a.i K'&v.i-M.i-o ooo.lcnJOCo Q0O.lcaiooo .zJAi ocb . ortTinTsa cniiva rc'ocoo
Pol. 59 b. See Land, p. 102.
5. The letter of Proclus to the Armenians :
woloi^.l T<'^i\j<' COS iurC'.l rt^T*w».i r^x.1
. rc^ T *gi Von-sa ^ i VirC'.'t rdJi^CL-^A an ^ *n t i Fol. 60 a. See Land, p. 103. Subscription, fol. 67 a: r£lno\ ^^l r^ixi^rf icolz.
III. The introduction to the third book commences on fol. 67 a with the passage (Land, p. 116) : vyr^ oqjoosk'A* ^...i t^.>-m
■ •** ^^-i^Q ^^i^l r<liis.OQoo . va=nr«'^Alz. ^w.X <vi .iv»\ nwm* -^ cnsa ^_i_aov9a . CDmOAJba.i
f^^fclT.O |_>iut.f^o r^r^LsoJCSO-tj:) Qo.lorxJOQaA
Ocn_a_lV^OQo.l ^-lAco
r<^ °k laOttAK'
r^CD r^aiz=3 ^lAsJfi&sa T<'<^ua.>Qa&s r^«iL&xsao iXJix* ^oA ^r^CL.> coA .aix.a.ao.1 r^LkLsa
rC^ M_— >ov— a ^ a— a^K'o
)o_i_x.'ior<LA duAtf^* . Qii->aD:ir<'<^i coitiv-ir^ vAsaKto r«UL>i-&r^.l r«ll.^^vaA QoO.JL.A'i^tit
t^o.ia Kl^ot oocno . (<'.'tuair<'.i »caovx:^ .jLCk . <)a*oo.ir<'^ ius9 ^.vcno . vya:i . Hence
it appears that the work of Zacharias was written in Greek, and dedicated to a courtier
named a»_Ai aor^ (a shortened form of
a)Q_.oajki_aof<', Ev7rpd^io<s, Eupraxius ; like ^oi\ , .^ocn , i<x\^i» , for Qoor<'<kaaJ^ , ttcu!^ooo , cocu'toiV^isn) , There follows an index of the contents of the book. Fol. 68 a. See Land, p. 117.
1. Of the council of Chalcedon: r^-x.i ^Jl>(<' A^. .jk-aa T*w . r^svx.1 cnL.! (^tso.ia
h\a\ ^r^cu .soiv&J.t r^vtsnn t^v^\ cosox..! 68 2
1060
HISTORY.
Fol. 68 h. See
(sic) i^tCLSkCD co^i^ort', Land, p. 118.
2. Of the exile of Dioscorus of Alexan- dria, and the ordination of Proterius in his stead: ri^\<s<x>^r^ 1^ ,:k..ick» ^Mii:i r<x.\ . ,eocxaU»."i ttuio^i^.i ^du<^\i^a c»in«ft.s.i :ia^.1 r^^uo-^JO . <nA\\s*»i-i oocb.l r<'*\no pa e«A oocn ^ti^jsq.-i . »<lisaoeo"i A^ rttooo
Fol. 71 *. See Land, p. 124.
3. Of Juvenalis of Jerasalem, and how the monk Theodosius was substituted for him as bishop : ^cd .°>\^w.t rCAAA*.-! rdr.i
po .z.i&o icncu.ioaz. A^ ia:^i . ^ilx.ioK'.i ^aix.ior^ tJaa r^'i>A as^r^a . oooiaaQOLa.i
ttukscu .«\\u r^ii\n-> . Fol. 72 a. See Land, p. 124.
4. Of Peter the Iberian, and his ordination to the bishopric of Gaza: t^ s -t'ir^.i rtf_i.i
3r^ rdL&^rC'.i .^.lOXSa rd<ixatr<' r^i^^ A^>
73 a. See Land, p. 126.
5. Of the flight of Theodosius from Jeru- salem, and the reinstatement of Juvenalis, with its attendant massacre : t^xsawi rdx-i
^ . paVLlOr^.l Co* 00.1 K*^.! coxAoi^ Av ,<^\»»» v^cD.i QoQi\incu A^.o . r^aJba.i tcnosoMcA «<V<la_\a) oAJ^^^re'o K*.! •Bno'i.i i^lLa-m^ cD^\s*w-> . Fol. 73 b. See Land, p. 127.
oool rfocno ca>a».i(<'^ . Fol.
6. Of the miraculous cure of a blind Sa- maritan, who rubbed his eyes with the blood
of those who were massacred : K'iuLr^.i r£a.\ KL.i_9aco .t-M t<L^l *«i T. A \ .A-iQ T ra rdss.i kSO ,0301 is-> Ax.a .aiia r^^cxisa^caa.i AiAuaA^rCo \ \ nh\T^T{ ^-lAoD.i . Fol. 74 a. See Land, p. 128.
7. Of the appearance of our Lord to Peter the Iberian, bidding him leave Gaza along with the persecuted: A.^ w* s n t..i r^-ic^i
isarrts r<'\\s rd*i*=L. ri^i^^ »-^ ,V»»A<r*'.i
r«ia-.ii ^i:^ rdjjt-i.i coA . Fol. 74 «. See Land, p. 128.
8. Of a monk named Solomon, who ob- tained access to Juvenalis, and upset a basket of earth upon him, and reproached him : ^..osoAx. A:^ js^sn w^iirg^.i rdx.i ^cA A^o ^-^A^^re'.i . r<l l\ r(l>i>.-| .zJr^ KSair^o . GOJ-sa vvi-a^.l vyr^ . QaAvaCU Ga-x.i A^. K*! °k s. (<'.-u>va>oor<' r^A_=a coA
cDttt&re'o . Fol. 74 a. See Land, p. 128.
9. Of the imprisonment of Theodosius and his death : ^1^.1 .^^.-loz-sia . r^^^^.i r^i-i
onus ^r^.l T<h\ 1 -1 -1 .T n »A\t<'o v^A^Ktk
Auiia ^i^rcto . rdjt_Lsk . Fol. 74 b. See Land, p. 129.
10. Of the heresy of Joannes Uhetor of Alexandria : A^ icn s m K'ioa-Sk.s rtfjL*i (sic) r^.Ufia^rcl3.i rflJi^eoi ^A*.! oo.oo'ien (sic) .iaoTMiire'o (sic) iut.i\_^riia-rt'.i . Fol. 75 a. See Land, p. 130.
11. Of the mission of John the Silentiary to the Alexandrians after the death of Dioscorus : i.iiwt,pC rdia-K'.i ioa^HM.i t<lx.i
ivaJ39.i iiua fSa rcLii.'VJiQa-^ArelA ^ocoA
ZACHARIAS RHETOR.
1051
Fol. 76 a. See Land, p. 131.
12. Of Anthemius (who was slain by Ricimer, i ^ • " -i). Severus, Olybrius, and Leo : Qoosixt^r^ Jl^ .'\\*in ioo^'i^.i rdx^i CLaA-sarC.i ^.^tr^o . Qa->i-aaAr<'o ooior<^o
> ^» ^*xL i&u3 i^is K'.iH-M >i^. . PoL 76 b. See Land, p. 132.
IV. The introduction to the fourth book is as follows. Fol. 76 b (Land, p. 133).
^r^x.'i&M (sic) >Axm^ ^.1 ^CD Goa.i ioo^'i^ QoioK'Qoo . Qa9x*^(<'o oooo^iasQO oniiiai-sa.t
onii
^nouks
. Q0OQa_&r<Lao (^i.TJoa-^Artla
KtocD rti'v.aiv-sa.i Octj . r^-ai ooK'Ax •aii\y.i oca .- oa^-iciA^i-^ ■\\nA<f^ ^rf.io . t^toa aD.ica_Jooo ^-=Q . ooi_aQa->.i ^iv_3 K'ocn.t ii\_s ^JSi q\ -1 1\ CLacnu.ia . rtlio.t.iuuL^.l o^.ao . coK*^ "vx i\\ >cnojj''i ■ i a cni«o_so ^..OJt^ Q n 1 t, r^o . rc'^.t-ikA .^^rdJ.i K'.ICD ^o . Cfloa^.io cnsosb.! '*^"V r^m.& :n ■^ o . ^^ortLLX o^K'a . pdssoiA oltr<'
Ar^<\ . K'Qa^aci^o os.-icaJOQos.i K'&v^ooo^ ii\-3 ^sn . ooQa-^r^_s r^ooo.i ilwO^ Av. r<^i \ nO-Q-JK' A^.o . Arc'^ujLrc'.i coQ-l-»Oa.3 .siv-^l . rd-&A.sa »_^r<^.i "'^ -« -^' *-
. c\ *7) wAxOTft* aso.ica.JOQa_s.i jjAcd Acl^so <io-*-*-*-i-*-^.sar<' ^ i-aA ftwnT o cx=a&v.&o
coiiv.a KtocD-io . r^JOQoi^ rc'-i^\^ pao Qoor<!ksaj^ . aa.io!\,i&:i cnL.i caa\^ >x=} ^
.1 1 > 1 K'i^i-^rc' A^o . r^L^Oo-L^^oJ^orf
. »..OJr<' >Q9i^O rv,n^\, »w . >^ «._OCO&vAA^Sa
Then follows an index of the chapters. Fol. 77 a. See Land, p. 133.
1. Of the ordination of Timotheus " the Weasel" {Ai\ovpo<;, ooo-iolr^', translated by K'to-n) as bishop of Alexandria: rdavx. A^.o . QoorCixaaj!^.-! retii^yw Aj^ Kl^^aiK*.! .x..T^ r«^ag.va rtlaJLaa ...or^ »S9eu3.i ^JLf<
rdai Qor<'(kMj!^.i rdxi^^v^ A^ .«\\'w.l rdijsif^.i . .x.:i\^ ^coo . oooiaAr<' r^aco r^isixsQ.i ocn Fol. 77 b. See Land, p. 134.
2. Of the murder of Proterius : -* T,i QiL*ia\v^ A^^^rC (J^r^.i i<'cu»sn ^i<i^l rtf'icua i>:iii« rC^iuAo rC'iu^.'cas ii^^rC'o cd.tA-x. . Fol. 78 b. See Land, p. 136.
3. How many of the clergy, who had taken the side of Proterius, wished to be reconciled to Timotheus, but were hindered by the common people and the more bigoted priests :
CUzlA :ua.1 CLa^ r<L&a..aQa-&(<' tcno.iO.ijA .^^OQK'i^ ^1:1* ^ .V&.'t r<*n iiAo.l (<^ijLO r^' ' V r<llaxA rdAo w *an ».i n i T. Kilo eg, ■» \..i . Fol. 79 a. See Land, p. 137.
4. How certain of the clergy proceeded to Rome, and informed Leo of what had hap- pened at Alexandria : re*. ■■^ -I'irf.i
kCD
r^h n \^ o.iA\-^A^»<' ^Ajpc'a
Ub..toJ=a
1052
A.l-\^l fAta o^lrda rfi-SsiioeniA o-nAooa .^eol . Fol. 79 b. See Land, p. 137.
5. Of the subsequent proceedings against Timotheus, and what happened at Ephesus to John, the successor of Bassianus : rCxM^
wca.teJ3 . Fol. 79 b. See Land, p. 138.
6. The J V«> or Petition, of Timotheus to the emperor, setting forth his confession of faith, and arguing against the letter of Leo of Rome : oosoii^na .^.io»i k'Ao-s rtfti ■\%^ ."la^i rdl.iaJLa coA\aisa*oo KwsoM^a .ared.i cn4<i\j<' . Tol. 80 b. See Land,
p. 139.
7. How the bishops who had been at Chalcedon, with the exception of Amphi- lochius of Side, wrote to the emperor Leo : oa^.l ^jXco Af< ..^laMl rC\-y t,.i Klti iY.«..\.».'git<' ^ ^al rc*<\,n<ttAre^.i KlSki-i.
osnix. oAq a^:iar^ . Pol. 82 a. See Land,
p. 142.
8. Letter of Anatolius to the emperor Leo :
f^Ao-Dfti "VrdA ^^'uft.a \\.u . Pol. 82 b. See Land, p. 143.
9. Of the exile of Timotheus iElurus :
^.1 .ao^ ap^ n °>«Bn.-i >l1-^ ^A*r^ A^o r^i.-uoL^rC. Fol. 83 a. See Land, p. 144.
10. Of the other Timotheus, surnamed tt^\in«s ^oiios (or r<'\in°>\a^i , or Salo- faciolus), whom the partizans of Proterius elected bishop : A_j^ r<'i«a_JL,T -* ^ -i
HISTORY.
riiina JLoi&vJM Ktoco r^'i^A^.SO.l . Pol. 83 b.
See Land, p. 145.
11. How Timotheus Murus was conveyed from Gangra to Cherson {Xepawv), through the machinations of Gennadius of Constan- tinople and his party : ^r<f^ . i«a^.Tii.i rdx.i
r^onxnL&l >cnol^:i »<'A^^<lJCQ^ . Pol. 84 b.
See Land, p. 146.
12. Of Isaiah, bishop of Hermopolis, and the priest Theophilus of Alexandria, the Eutychianists, and how Timotheus wrote against them and excommunicated them:
f^<\n,r,rv> <Kr^ rdiAJt.rS' A.^ '. -100.^1^.1 Klx.i
.^_air<' tOsiSiO a>r^hysa^ .^_ocniA!\^ . Pol.
85 a. See Land, p. 148. In the letter of Timotheus are cited the following authori- ties : Ambrose of Milan, fol. 90 a ; Athana- sius, foil. 86 b, 87 «, 89 b; Basil, fol. 88 b ; Chrysostom, fol. 89 a and b ; Cyril of Alex- andria, foil. 90 6, 91 « ; Gregory Nazianzen, fol. 88 b ; Gregory Nyssen, fol. 88 b ; Gregory Thaumaturgus, fol. 87 b (anathemas) ; Julius of Rome, foil. 87 a (two citations, one from an epistle to Dionysius), 88 b; and Theo- philus of Alexandria, fol. 90 a.
The book concludes with a list of the bishops of Rome, Alexandria, Ephesus, An- tioch, and Jerusalem, from the council of Chalcedon to the reign of Zeno. Pol. 93 a. See Land, p. 163.
v. The introduction to the fifth book, which treats of the reign of Zeno, is as fol- lows. Pol. 93 a (Land, p. 163). re'vsBrslSQ . ioA^ixi^orti' rtfLaiso ^..oKlA iusao . rc^siHt^'.i
QoaavMo
fv* n
CV> .\ .
00.3 ea^
^
• .1 CUSOflO
ZACHAKIAS RHETOR.
1053
. iei^i.aJ^orc' Kbcno v^cno . r^lst Ai\n K'i-sar^isa . oocxDT^aa QaaQaA*aa.3 CUM.ii^rc'o
fw new . \ -on -I A^. . .<>t\«g3 ^isaix.i ^rd2.i&=q
r^^CLoOL^r^ iiol . o.tsj^.i ^on r<*i\nQJitr^ os.icnjooo cn.=j O-Savur^o . ^._ocn l^\ax..l
T<' y "k.l i^US . f^Qat..SqCvJ^a r^yn-j . p. \ ^-^
r^rai cooK'iciai^ (fol. 93 b) ^jAjL rc'ioui.usa^
tv7ncv>.\ .tvi-^\ ^,1 cnJLSujO . twA'"*"^' A '\ ""^"\ . r^^^Qo^OQo r^CL&o ocn . rtfAnCUilK' l\'Si . coJui rCin'ji-t rtLtitl .' c»i«N*7i<SK'A<o ^ans»a pc'acujqaAr^ oi.iz..i o&toa^.i.i r^h\^x*iii^ A^.o
r^->i_I.-i A s o . >• . \ nrt ,, \,^ -, rc'.V'K' . QaAa«Sl i\l\^Qoeuaa CUx^^r^.l rd^QalA^OK' (^.u.>to ^^^^cn oorC'Ax.sn i\^^ Av oA^^rCo .sah\ >cn 1 io.-UJ-ii . rtLaJL-Ss.i coA<i\_ip^ Ako . QooocL&r^ A^. crA >.lx.o . rtltioQa^r^ . .JLJ-^.i Qoo.-icaJOQa.3 rtlAcv^A ^~M^ yaaia A\\nT .1 ^cn . r^^OAiAT^.l rcla^'\ ciA .^cn^o -^ aJrC* ov.scri>a rtlJO.Tt-nl^.l oo.icnlooo cnxsa
iAi.o Ar<'^ucr<'.'i .* r<lL>Qa^ .°>\» ^,ia^..i am ocn r^-uowa A 1 n ^r^a . r^ioQo^rClA .j^JiMa CLs^.l ^crA A -in rc'&uiK' r^.to . QoK'^xSaj^ ooK'Ax.'gi t \io oa—ticuA^i— ^.1 en— a_^ . ~n altered into) . M'.i^rtf'.i am rcll.i_a.^o-^i Kll.TJJQ ^ "» orlL^i laaa^Q.To ^ (. ^.i^K^.i Aore' i^Qo ^ i\ .pc'.to ^:i .j^.iasa . r<l&lsa.i rC'.li^cv . Qa^QoA^Qotria <v».\rt<^<.\ A cvirt „ -.
. nC^-i-^ rC'oca .'U*r<'o .■ oaaOaJuoaa Av .vx.^.1
ioA^o (sic) . rtfAnoart^re' .laaJM ,oi*^o
<»» iaA K'.'ure' r^^ciattL&r^ cusairC •. ^a^
: 'io^iA^ore' r^bcpo .._o_i*t i<ia ^-x.eno .' rUL^l r«^30osais A^iao ooeiaQaAiQaal r^Mio '<'.VJ6-J.1 f^-?^ X-^a . .t_a_&.i )Bi_2»3 A CIA A-^. cn_l Ktocn jjL.i_a^^r^ . rwot^Ai «w . \ \ ocb . qootA^ icno^iM Ktoopo . oa.*QoioA
.nns«J30 . rt'i^.T^ (fol. 94 a) .TMrtfta . rdLn^o^i iJUrC' ^CU A:^o ^.1 .jaASo . oooi\y°>\ crA K'Ocd QIL.QIL..TJ3 ^^_ar.t ^cA jjA^uLf^i . rc'i^.ix.i r^-ien aor<c'iv.sn_iA..i cnA_>.i "" -< v. vl-a.t cnL:f cn^osa iiis p9.i .lem&s.i . r<dia^ci:^'v rstoora caa\^ >!» ^sa jtJr<' . yoK'Avsq.i^.i ^Oa r£ima . (^-.ixJOOAlr^a r<L&(Xaai&r«' . ..^Ai-t .^Lrc'o . ni^Qoio^ r^am .\j.^ieo ru.! rc'oxsQasa coisa .^^..a^ cnX •Ao^.sb :i&o xur^o QQ^^AaioQo yxji . rd^cxaoo^K' Ktocb .rclii.TlQa^r^ v^cn.T ^o . r^^OioCa^r^ .sta^
r<^i -Tgl ^^ . r^Aaoo^r^ K'ocnJ ooK'iv^ai!^^ rdlava cnsj ^.i JC.i^ . ctra\^>lia ^30 K'lku.i.sa rd-icn ooorc'Ai "yi i \ ea_l K'oco Av i na . rc4\=ad93 Aj^ ^imcu ia.^o . rdSuA^oiioa (altered into rfocm.i) K'ocno pc'.tuoz. .aca< .t^ X^s ^,_a^\ .^.'Mx. .1&0 . rdAaQo.&K' ^^ . ^Jtq^.i r^T-1'.i.i rcLM-^'io rdlsa>Qa.SO r<^(<' ^cnJA A:^ iCDCi^K'o . cnifcA «^_oJL^.^r^.-i .X.1 — ^ ^-J^ . Qo.icn looo.i re^-l—st . ~"n
opoij^ Aa. .laj^o . ^^m^^cn.i fd^^ .i7\.o ,^_Qn i\loo Ann*J3 .TA . od^O.tA rdA2a.i . rdSQOcnil >ik.:t ocn . t<i\i ^luO.. rtlm^o
1054
HISTORY.
CD
. QDCUi«ioruoQo »<'A\'i\j^ os&x&o . CflJ^oaJK'
00030 . OPOl \ °> ^-30 O-X-i-^ . rr* 1 'l' \
. Qo0.lcalooo.l rd9aiM ^rd^^T* coa r<'ocD oul.l i^oenA«*-u.i ^sa a>o-C^ •.oJp*' (fol. 94 b) -iT^^-io . tCDOCOAartf'o ^.01*1 ^ol ^^ausn r^Uf^anAoso f<'>'no . r^i^oo rdsatoai ,_Ocosa^ or-u.O Qa.aJa>ir^ PC'A\ij»r<' K'AvA^tO i,_ocnJi.:k.OQo ^00 . t<'^r^A^GD t^'&v^aii tOcbo . r^^TJ&Ocn ioo-^'i^ r^Lx-^H-s . iv>r<l^_>T* ^ t.iAva.i ^:i coAsa :i& cai.S)a.i . rt^T-am rtlico K'isardsa.i ^ T^at^.l vv^T^ r^T^t.! r<'^o.i.sAv-&.sa.t f<lxJLLa ^.z.i^K' ^h\a . ji T °kA<t<' r^AJO* . r«:^^ji.&M.i K'Av^.'i^i^o rdx.io.il • n^luioos ^:9a.1 rO-sua ax..T\l ^iltr^lra ^oi i -liu.i
1. Of the return of Tiraotheus JUlurus from exile, and how he urged the emperor Basiliseus to write his encyclical letter:
ndsijL.I cnl*.-| rd-^JMna rdx.! . r<lx2aw.i rdsix. ^ oof<'^ •an I \ rd-V^ rc^XA^rc* . .^.lO-Sa cn\^°Mj.10 . ^.^^rtll.t oa^Olba iiva X^^ioQo&K' r^An&nir^ A!^'=Q ooOnQaAtQaaX . Fol. 94 b.
See Land, p. 165.
2. The encyclical letter of Basiliseus and
Marcus : r^LAoOuair^ Ai. .j^.tosa ^1^1 rc^i ^_oipe' outrc'.i . Q9a.j3X2a.io ooo-ottLxSuttLa.! (sic) .A^OACD . Fol. 95 b. See Land, p. 167.
3. The letter of the bishops of the diocese of Asia, assembled at Ephesus, to Basiliseus
and Marcus : ttuoeu.i Ajw . .^Am.i k'AAAi.t r<:z.i
.' vo<tt&r<l\ OJU&^K'l r^Qor<' ^.i r^^aoo^rc'.i h\c\ .^^o . t^iinQjgp^a r^x^r^ OjSnir^a ^o^cD aixaT=ao ooaoiiAaQaa . Fol. 96 a. See Land, p. 169.
4. What happened at Constantinople and Ephesus after the publication of the ency- clical letter : coL.i .ta caL.i rtli.rs'ir*'."! rdx.! i^.i ^A>r^ .s^^oJLSn . t<zsaM.i rtf'isoKlsa.'i nt 1 \aO> I I \a \ooao-3 .JCT^ r^aJLaO-xOr^
wooo^fxiso . Fol. 97 a. See Land, p. 170.
5. Of Acacius of Constantinople and his anti-encyclical letter, and of Peter of Antioch and Paul of Ephesus; enL.i rt^T-aoM.t r<x.\ A^. . .^.nosa . rCtz-SOM.! r<:aijL.t cnl*.i .ta A^.o . qaAQ'a>Ai\y>\yQoQj».i jure' .lAv^i mIco Qoa\cu&o oooiA^ A.^0 . rclAaO_iUr^^^r^ .V& .sah\ o^iiu.X'.i . aooQo^r^.io y\Oa^^r<'.t . 0gQjQr»\»qQ3 >4>:iii«<'o r^^Jba «OL>\ r^i^ Fol. 98 b. See Land, p. 173.
6. Of Martyrius of Jerusalem: rdz-.i io^igTsa A^. r^xsnr^jsa^ cnJUi xs^ coi^.i rC'Auc.i . Qa\^Qair<' iivs ^nYz-ioKla K'oq3.t ocb .-.^.riasa K'i^aisoacd r^savA rctoon tva^a oqp ^r^n Qs.icalOQolo Qfui^QoA rCbcD )oT.M±ao . rc'iijci r<:io:i.&xA&.i . Fol. 99 b. His Prosphonesis (oiuQauaaoova) is quoted. See Land, p. 174.
7. Of John (Talaia), the successor of Timotheus iElurus, and his partizan the priest Cyrus, and how Peter (Mongus) was restored to his see : cnL.i rc*s n if ..i reii . A^.i ^l4*eu A^. . .j^.toso . rc*T*»i>j.i rClaij^.i cp^osa \h\s r^^sQo&rc' rctocno rc'xuox. .scixao . cnl .«\ni.i n^TiTo jure* K'iojB A:^o . AxsojA^.i
ZACHARIAS RHETOR
coaQpia^ cooi\<\ r<lia rdiv.K'.io . Pol. 100 b. See Land, p. 177.
8. The Hen6ticon of Zeno : ^<sh\ rdz^i ._oa*t.i ,^^ni\icn.i i<liisq^.i . Fol. 102 a. See Land, p. 179.
9. Of the schismatics (d7ro<rp^io-Tat) : rtlx.i
T<\^ '\in % <\r< . Eol. 104 a. See Land,
p. 182.
10. Synodical letter of the Council of Antioch under Peter to Peter of Alexandria :
^ ^ocn.t rdou.icaiooo rc'^i^rc' ^ . .^\s9
rcl.i.-UQa^K'.-f ooi2^ i»cA . Pol. 105 a. See Land, p. 184.
11. Letter of Acacius of Constantinople to Peter of Alexandria: . ion, ■^•i-u.i rsL-x-i
Kii'i.ijQiiAlK'.t oooi!^ ^oX.i . Pol. 106 a. See Land, p. 186.
12. Letter of Martyrius of Jerusalem to Peter of Alexandria: ^ ioa^'i^.i r^x.i . .^Vta ^oLx.ioK'.i io^'Vss.T coL.i cn^i.^^ nl,i.i_ioaaAt<^ r<'oco relocn.i oooi^°>\ .s^.i ^OACD . Pol. 107 a. See Land, p. 187.
Here the first volume ends with the doxology. Pol. 107 b.
The second volume, which contained books vi. — xii., is entitled, fol. 108 b,
1055
volume (compiled) from the Ecclesiastical (History) of Zacharias."
VI. The sixth hook commences with an index of contents. Pol. 108 b. See Land, p. 188.
1. Of those who separated themselves from communion with Peter of Alexandria : r<x.\
Ax. . QDO-i\:&.i cni^cU) pi az.-i^.i ^en A^ . r<liOi I n 1 %.i oaJ_<.i oo.icn-jooo.i . r^so'-vu
...or5iA.T r<'«ta.iocu\.io . Pol. 108 b. See Land, p. 188.
2. Of Nephalius, who brought charges against Peter before the emperor, and of the mission of Cosmas the spatharius to Alex- andria : . K'Aii.re'.i r<:=DijL.i cnL.i ^-i^':i rdii
rtl^AsQ* h\c\ ^00.1 cvi.Vt^ft.t Ay. . ..^.fO^s
r<sn\a.j3i i.iiux.K'o . oooi2i^ A.^ A-aL.ao
Pol. 109 a. See Land, p. 190.
3. How Cosmas returned by way of Pales- tine, to take with him to Constantinople Peter the Iberian and the monk Isaiah :
A}^ . r<l«i->.f rt'isT, rtlla f<l»i ill oooiA^&l
rslaAaj.i rdi.T.aai^ . Pol. 110 a. See Land,
p. 192.
4. Of the mission of Arsenius to Alexan- dria as prefect : Qiiua>ir<' A^ rii^'-ipe'.i rCz.\
reltH-i.l A \'w . rd^Qtcuo ^Jsa .°> \ ■ .a_!k .TJia po.i tt^\<wi\Qtt^rC. Pol. 110 b. See Land, p. 192.
5. Letter of Pravitas of Constantinople to Peter of Alexandria : cnL.i rdx.sau*.i r<lz<i
Coi>'i-\P<' .X..10-Z.2Q K'Av—X.K'.l '*^ — i » 1
i«al:i . QaAQ«MiViVooQj.i cnlai «"\ -fi <M . ^a:^cn oo^&x^rc'.i (^i.'Uioa^rt'.i t>nn\ \ <\ Pol. Ill *. See Land, p. 194.
6. The reply of Peter to Pravitas : pdx.i
6t
1056
HISTORY.
^CLAcn ttiAcL&rdi-k\i\c0CU3:T . Fol. 112 h. See Land, p. 196.
7. List of the bishops of Rome, Alexan- dria, Jerusalem, and Antioch, dming the reign of Zeno: ^i^.i . .aLsa itia^ax.:! t^x.\ ^_aA»t t^'T'-* i^JcQA »x.'i ooeo . Fol. 114 a. See Land, p. 199.
VII. The seventh hook commences with an index of chapters. Pol. lU b. See Land, p. 200.
1. Of the succession of Anastasius to the throne, and the expulsion of Euphemius, bishop of Constantinople : rdjjsa.TJi r«ix.i CD^O&Asa A^ .^..icoo . w^s nT..i r^J3iz..i cnL.i
M*:t^r«'.'i . Fol. 116 a. See Land, p. 201.
2. Of the insurrection of the Isaurians : A^ ^ jsXsn r^s^-x.^ cqL.i ^Mi\^ t<^\ ^.I'vsa.i rd.ioto.re' . Fol. 116 a. See Land, p. 202.
3. Of the capture of Theodosiopolis by the Persians, and of their besieging Amid : .:k.:i099 r<*s->T.i r^anx.:i cnL.t t^i^^rt r<^-i . ivsa^ixr^i . f<lixsai(<'.i caAei&a*oo.<i(<'i\ A^ ^ioni iua.i r^iu^.i-M xsnr^ A^o . Pol. 116 a. See Land, p. 203.
4. Of the capture of Amid and the fate of its inhabitants : cn-L>» r/ Si -I'irt'.i re* t li r^J-&->r^.1 . Aji>«a.2n r<*^-> t.:i rCijsar^Lsqi
«i;i*iosixaA . Pol. 118 a. See Land, p. 206.
5. Of the famine at Amid at the time of its capture, and of the departure of the Per-
sians to their own country : kLxjsou.i rdx^i r<li&^ Av. ^^..icca.t r<^s-iT..i r^Lai-z..i cnA>:i coisa Ckoaj rdijur^io ^.^at^.i onTi\-i KbcD.t .^eoii^rdi .^^iT.o rd.ooiA . Pol. 120 b.
See Land, p. 210.
6. Of the building of the city of Dara by Anastasius, when Thomas was bishop of Amid': t<%siv^^n^ caA_^.i pS'Aux.K'.i r^-x-i . ^ioxJ ius.! rc'^va r^il Aj^ t^s-i T..1 Ai . -1^ KLsao-u&ua A\ i i -lA^K* i<LJt-JL^(<',i wcCLttUr^ >£acuj3 r^QoH.sA (sic) r<* i -aoco.l
vAM^x^aa . Pol. 122 a. See Land, p. 213.
7. Of the expulsion of Macedonius from Constantinople : ctxA-ai t^ s n T..n r<Lz_>i .,_M-nJS3."l cpA\n<\*39 Aa. w^snTi.l Qoo^^^.l rC'^cuA.99 iu^.v» (M r<*ni\ico . Pol. 123 b.
See Land, p. 216.
8. Letter of Simeon the priest and other Oriental monks at Constantinople, to their abbat Samuel, regarding the expulsion of Macedonius : . r^jt*xn »_a^:sas..T ps'A^i.^jt'
wpAi « <k -ji A^. ^^^cnv>.i Ji^^ Ajt<'Q *aii T \
...oxosai coAvoatSa A^-tj oiAQ«Mi\\^Qofto ^ Pol. 124 b. See Land, p. 218.
9. Of Timotheus, the successor of Mace- donius : r^..S3i-X.l cnA_>.i rt^.'h.T.Ax.i r^-Z.i rc'ocnn oaor^Ax 'i!\i\ A^. .«s\ ra.! . re* <> -it..i cnAisacus ti^^rC* ^rC.io ^...0^-a.sa i^vs
rci\<\aAs9Q (sic) t&uu.vsoa . Pol. 128 a. See Land, p. 223.
10. Of the Council of Sidon, A. Gr. 823, A.D. 512 : r<''isor^»i.l cnL.i rCioo^.! Klx^'i
^OCD.l GOO.ICOJCUU Aj^ X^QO-^Q . ft* S T T .1
^^uiLr^o rt'rcLsaJcsaJj.l . Fol. 128 *. See Land, p. 225.
11. The Ber)aii of the Oriental monks and of Cosmas of Kinnesrin, laid before the above naentioned council of Sidon : r£x.^
r^A^O^V.l Kliusaa ^iuLr^'o . Fol. 129 b. See Land, p. 226.
12. Of the Council of Tyre, in the days of Severus of Antioch and Philoxenus of Mabug : oo.ico-sooo .\ s.i ica_v.iii.i KLx.i
oo.touaoal coasniar^ iuKlA^a ^r^ML>ia.l
K'oii9cv\\o . Fol. 130 b. See Land, p. 228.
13. Of the death of the empress Ariadne, the insurrection of Vitalianus, and his vic- tory over Hypatius : ctA*.T itti:^^^i r^jt-i
^OorA rCaiasa cr.tmK'.I . Fol. 131 b. See
Land, p. 230.
14. Of the death of Timotheus, bishop of '• Constantinople, and the succession of John ;
and how many persons at Jerusalem, at the feast of the Dedication, were possessed of devils and barked like dogs at. the Cross:
ZACHAEIAS RHETOR. 1057
r<*iinir^a i^aA,
Fol. 132 a. See Land,
p. 231.
15. List of the bishops of Rome, Alexan- dria, Antioch, Constantinople, and Jerusalem :
rd^Lsa ti^zair^ . Fol. 132 b. See Land, p. 232.
VIII. The eighth book commences with an index of chapters. Fol. 132 b. See Land, p. 232.
1. Of the accession of Justin I., and the execution of Amantius (<Hi\i«wr<') the prae- positus, Theocritus the domesticus, and An- drew the chamberlain : . reuun^.i i^isoKiso co^CL^A-sn A:^ rdaix.i cnL:i r<jsnna r^x-v tt>cuLxA^a>a-.:i . Fol. 132 b. See Land, p. 232.
2. How Vitalianus was slain, with his notary Paul and his domesticus Celer
(KeXep) : t^i-S0r^.S8."l cnA^n ^^^H t^Jft . r^O'iAy QoOli\i\-i Aj^ .:k..-iCLSa rf* 1 1 m^.i
aux\visna^ iSiao . Fol. 133 b. See Land, p. 234.
3. Of the martyrs of Najran (Jl^sf^) ; being the epistle of Simeon, bishop of the Per- sians, to Simeon of Gabula: re'M^.i T<x.i a^^i\r^.l K'.icpQs A:^. .:^.ia90 . (^sii..i cnJu.t
. r<^eu.i jLSOMa ^hA^a kV^soasq^ h\ i r-t 6t2
HISTORY.
1058
o^c^cu.-, cnAxcu^i h^ h^ [A.D. 624]
P^ a./% r^ty, <Kmf r^^ *" *- ^i»-*a vw-K"
»,c«.« rdlc^:^:. K-i..-**^ ^^»^ • ^°^-
134 a. See Land, p. 235.
4. Of tlie flood at Edessa, the stoppage of the spring of Siloam («1*.<%1^) at Jeru- salem, the destruction of Antioch by an earthquake, and the burning of the temple of Solomon at Ba'albek : rd-^aSt^.i n^\
la^n ^etso-Ax..! am rdLa-co .i-a^o
f<*L.Tsa . Eol. 138 6. See Land, p. 243.
5. Of the negotiations (,J\^t\, TpaKjarov) ■with the Persians; of Al-Mundir 0^1), the king of the Arabs (rd^M ri-^^^ or J^ vA«, li^^ ^)> and his invasion of the temtories of Hims (Emesa) and Apa- mea; and of the Oriental bishops who were deposed and left their churches: rcl_i.i
, .^.oeo*»»J». pi euiAO o».-»AvJt.r^S relMuiua Fol. 141 a. See Land, p. 246.
6. List of the bishops of Rome, Alexan- dria, Jerusalem, Antioch, and Constanti- nople, during the reign of Justin I. : r«ix.i ooeo ^r^^ reUJJSaA^a rdart-a eoL.i ri'Aix.ri'.i :»^.-, oeb . <aij\c»o-s cnAvs>!ja»3 rdj«m^ >i."i
coAvM . Eol. 142 b. See Land, p. 249.
7. A short introduction to the four Gos- pels, written in Greek by Mara (Maras), bishop of Amid : Auri- wai^ia r^isJix.^ rciti rdaunoa^ri' rS-isxA •UsaK'.t 4\-*»Avl p3 ca^
. ^_ftA^«'^ '^AV '^^*^ "^^^^ :WS0»<'-'» Eol. 142 6. See Land, p. 249. It con- cludes with the passage regarding the woman taken in adultery, S. John, ch. viii. 2—11. reir..vi."l cnL.l ..^oAi^^arela can ^S rCoco Aure* ^KlAiaA>.T re^-ift 1 n -> rdACUoCft-ari' rCi-SS
:u« retoep.-! . «ilcp vwf^.l rtinooi^ r^iiir^
IX. The ninth book commences as follows, fol. 144 b (Land, p. 252): K'i»rci:»^'^
^-^ V-. r^T-'t'- i«3tt.n i\irC Ktoco.i .i^aosa r«^AvAA« S-SiO . riLsoo^S re'Av-.i^rc!' r^Ax-aJt-.l . coIm a)<uj\a»a- >^ Ktaco ir.*»> ,-*.*»'•»-
rd_iep i<x_i^i-*x-\«'^ • '^<*" rf \ y ^^ ^AdAio reViiJaaJLsaAx Auut. . ooOJ-*J-i\«»ft-
rdicp oii^a t*=***-^ *^*^ <^"' ^^ '^^**^
^^oirf AuK-a Au,AA ^ ,jsui.i nfco . vs^=o»J . \^ . Then follows an index of the
chapters. See Land, p. 253.
1. Of the accession of Justinian I., and of
the expedition against Nisibis and the fort
of AusAx : ni:sJ.A\.i rS-iwrtoJ-T rd^.VJ r£x.i
. rdifloM iuj^o ^x2u^ A^. Ktocn:! r^aia A^o
Fol. 146 6. See Land, p. 255.
2. Of the expedition to the desert of ^icu^, against the Persians: ^i^'i r<li.i r^ocni r^Lsxji A.^. r^\ r.hxn r^ai.x..'i ctiJu*i ^-icu^.1 K'i=»."vsiis3 . Pol. 147 a. See Land, p. 256. : 3, Of the Persian expedition against Dara :
r^i.1 Ajk..! t^a-in . Pol. 147 b. See Land, p. 257.
4. Of the battle on the banks of the
Euphrates : K'ocd.i rdaia A:^ rd^JS-irS'.l rdti
t^\>caa A\ia Ai. . Fol. 148 a. See Land,
p. 258.
5. Of the defeat of the Persians by Bassus near Maiperkat, and of the death and capture of several of their generals : r^xs&M.i r<lr.i
. — ^- * -1 w i.l^ A^ w^sTi^.l r<^^l ciAaI >aivz.r<c'cv A2i^ifr^ ^re'.i . rdjQ9'i.ai.i t^\im .s^
r^^\\i< r('r»*\<\t< . Pol. 148 b. See Land, p. 258.
6. Of the fighting at Maiperkat, and of the invasion of the Huns : rS'AuLrS'.i rc'T.i ^ .^..lOSQ A^i°>i*a -A^ r^ctcn.t r<l3ia A^.
: r^jsaaco'i dual ia:^.i io^.va K^-l rtlAJoco.i Pol. 149 a. See Land, p. 259. • 7. Of the peace between the Persians and Romans : K'-i-sariio."! orLL>.i r^s -i t..i r<Lx.i
tsnixxzi . rc^iiT. .sn t. ^ul. v^Aa . i^^Qo*i^ wo'O^QaL^s mi 1 ^raicrio ooa i i °>oi . Pol. 150 a. See Land, p. 261.
8. Of the rebellion of the Samaritans:
ZACHARIAS RHETOR. 1059
f^Jtoi^ ..^ocoA aaajxtr^a o.ii9a.i i<l>i:saz.
r/i.\<Yt\<\.i r^h\r±3 . Fol. 150 b. See Land, p. 262.
9. Of the heresy of the Phantasiasts, origi- nated by Julian of Halicarnassus : t<_x,i coiOoioD A^ r^^.x.^.1 ooa\KlA.i coA*.*! r^^jc^rt
^VM^rcT . Pol. 151 a. See Land, p. 263.
10. The first letter of Julian to Severus of Antioch: r<'A»i_\j<' A \. rCioL^.i rda,i
w^MiTm.i cni^ \\'n . Pol. 151 b. See Land, p. 263. Compare Add. 17,200, no. 1.
11. -The reply of Severus : i«a.^.<UM.i rsLi,-!
^OAco re'iorc'Qo cn^cd . Pol. 152 a. See Land, p. 264. Compare Add. 17,200, no. 2.
12. The second letter of Julian to Seve- rus : ^^i^'i i<'A«i.\r^ iofi s i^'i r^_».i rt'.icn.-t an «g| u <\ (<'ior^oo ^cA . r<'\ >AcL-».i
rdaiik^rela . Pol. 152 b. See Land, p. 265. Compare Add. 17,200, no. 3.
13. The reply of Severus : ioo^^^i rdi,i
r<ior<V» ^ ifoco.i t<liAcu:i . Pol. 153 a. See Land, p. 266. Compare Add. 17,200, no. 4.
14. Of the insurrection at Constantinople, and how Hypatius and Pompeius were slain :
A^ rd.StJt.iK^ rtflavx..! cnL.i iQa.^^''ii<'.i r^JLi . QoAa&KlLxA^J-j^ooCUia ^Ocn.t QaL>Qa_^ttr<'
Qiax^rtLa rsV^j-^to oajx^ .sxM^r^a . Pol. 156 a. See Land, p. 271.
15. Of the bishops who were recalled from
1060
HISTORY.
exile to Constantinople, and their confession of faith: rd&stt&i^ 1^ iQa:^Autssa»j.1 rtfx.i
(sic) re^ia oaco^o . re'AtoaAsa ivu.TsaX euioAxr^ •cdo^pCi rd^A^aoA i,_ocoi\a_i-so_.eo Aa-.i iux&cB . Fol. 157 a. See Land, p. 272.
16. Apology of Severus, addressed to the emperor: r^!aiz.:i g(i1».i ioo^oxouLK'.'i rdx^i f^iot^w.l r^uioia A&S9 A^ iA-.iaso r^^^x.^.! dv4-.:t2aA ^ «^ *■» Are-ikjtia.T riAxv^rda ^CL&ca ksAsoX ^^ . r^^oalss . Pol. 161 a.
See Land, p. 279.
17. Of the conquest of Africa by Belisa-
rius : ,ea . Klu-iarC A^ iQa.^i\Jix..'l r^ti T»^V.\ ^\ nw (ttsittixs .ias iuca^^r<'.'i . Pol.
164 b. See Land, p. 285.
18. Of the capture of Rome by Belisarius :
Qa*ittAa I-"' ^uca^ixT^.i f^;Mocni Av, . Pol.
165 b. See Land, p. 287.
19. How Severus presented himself before
the emperor at Constantinople : t<. x-i
^ah\ , \ V Ai'^'i K'ior^'Qo A_^ ioo-^^uc^.i i^AsaX ,vw^r^o 0(uAq<\1i\i\qocuA . PoL
166 a. See Land, p. 288.
20. Letter of Severus to the Oriental priests and monks, regarding his quitting Constan- tinople: T^ior^oo.i f<'i>'V.\j<' ^ioo-^.i rdti . i^jjj.tsaa.l r^'ia.l.io r<^m&3 ^"n \h\ ^oA
Fol. 167 b. See Land, p. 290.
21. Letter of Anthimus of Constantinople to Severus : K'A\i.\j<' .i-mo ^ioo-jLi r^jc->i
Pol. 168 b. See Land, p. 292.
22. The reply of Severus : yioiuL:! rdti
Pol. 171 a. See Land, p. 297.
23. Letter of Severus to Theodosius of Alexandria : r^i»'i\r<' . re'^iio ^-icoi-s Klt*i Qo.to.iK'i* AicA K-ior^to.-i . Pol. 173 b. See Land, p. 301.
24. The reply of Theodosius : ^ioiuL.i r<:i.i
Pol. 174 b. See Land, p. 303.
25. Letter of Anthimus to Theodosius :
r^^i.-UU^K*.-! tt.W.irt'i&i ixoA . Pol. 176 d.
See Land, p. 306.
26. The reply of Theodosius : r^ t-i
. r^mSk JU^ vasa»hiXr^ ^cA 00*00.1 rc'^.i K'l^i^r^
Pol. 178 a. See Land, p. 309.
X. The tenth book begins as follows, fol. 180 a (Land, p. 313) : rdjoa r^i^soreiiaa ^r^ ivM^ (Sa craa.i iooj^itdu. T<lx.i.ao . r^'iooj^.i
KV^SOIM^ iux..l . ptl\yn.Tn\yl'\.l t<Xs\ ^ cos . rclueun Kli-iJLSaa (sic). r^CLM^iO ^«s-i'it<'o . r^\^>Ti"°" 'i\i A ■ ^*«1 rdsioAcLxA r^^a.-VJk. ,sah\ rCks\s ,v* A«/\ ^aZSomo r<V<l2aiS9^ iuz.i rAtooa r^t&lsa Qoaiili\ooCU r^cn.i cd^o!!^.i p3cus . Then follows an index of the chap- ters. See Land, p. 313.
1. Of Ephraim,who went down to the East :
^■iarf A^] r^iooi-.i r^r.i[.i] r^jS^.-ua reisTJC
r<4u.T»A ^uoi]. Pol. 180 i. See Land, p. 314.
2. Of the doings of Abraham bar >iA^ at Amid. This chapter is wanting, with the exception of a few words of the title : rdi,i i^ooi ^00 A^. . r^ioaiL.t Klavx..! ml>.i ^i^':i '**\"l ''\' '^"' l^MrC^s >Li^i.a] ^CDT-sK'
K'i\os.3o]. Pol. 1816. See Land, p. 316.
JOHN OF ASIA OR EPHESUS.
lOGl
3. Of the priest Cyrus of ^*^ , who was burned at Amid : . r^juxa ooi-xjo A^. k'^^m
This chapter is wanting.
4. Letter of Rahulas of Edessa to Gama- linus of Perrhe : ^sa ^oooi K'i«i\j<' ^so . . . .
r<l9ajLMkZ. r^sajjA
vyr
000159 .
Pol, 182 a.
See Land, p. 316, and Overbeck, S. Ephraemi Syri etc. Opera Selecta, p. 231.
5. Of the Dedication of the Church at Antioch, celebrated by Ephraim, and of the synod of bishops of the diocese : rdi-i
cniA^cix.1 . Pol. 185 a. See Land, p. 322.
This chapter is imperfect. The greater part of the writing on fol. 185 b, 2"* column, has been erased, and in its place there is written the beginning of a metrical discourse of Jacob of Batnae on the Transfiguration :
■ '\^-i (sic) r<^°>c»i°>o rdiaiss . See Asse- mani, Bibl. Or., t. i., p. 328, no. 187.
The remaining chapters of the book are lost, but their headings have been preserved on fol. 180 b. See Land, pp. 314 and xxii.
XL The eleventh book has entirely pe- rished.
XII. Of the twelfth book the introduction and the first three chapters are wanting.
1. The fourth chapter is imperfect at the beginning. The remaining portion treats of a likeness of our Saviour, which was dis- covered by a woman in a spring of water, the miracles wrought by it, etc. Pol. 186 a. See Land, p. 324.
2. Of a shower of dust that fell from
heaven : i<aar^ A^ .ab..iasa . r^&bOMn r^x.i r^tSnx. ^ iuu.i rt^*aii\yQ oeb.i . Fol. 186 b. See Land, p. 325.
3. Of the priest BasUiscus of Antioch who came with the dux r<:s.ior^ to Amid : «lx.i A-:k. looj^'i^.i i<.si-x..t GaA_t.i K'lkjLt^.i
.-vMi^A QiLAo.i pdj.tof^ >.^ . Pol. 187 a. See Land, p. 325.
4. " A delineation of the habitable world," crKdpi,<f>o^ Trj<; olKovfievrji}, Said to have been ori- ginaHy composed for Ptolemy Philom^tor: . A.ia^.1 oa&.>i_oGo A^. ,:^^ccn -^'- -" i r^x.i iQ\*w\i°> Qprt'*»l\\<^.i r<'^ft\yi°>M-i rctoco.!
^i^ v>i=30 . Fol. 187 b. See Land, pp. 327
and xxiii. This copy is imperfect at the end. See Add. 14,620, no. 11.
[Add. 17,202.]
DCCCCXX.
Vellum, about 11^ in. by 7^, consisting of 159 leaves, a few of which are slightly stained and torn, especially foil. 1, 3, 23, 83, and 109. The quires, signed with letters, were originally about 20 in number, but the volume now ends with the eighteenth. The tenth quire is also lost, and the first and twelfth are imperfect, leaves being wanting at the beginning, and after foU. 2, 83, and 96. Each page is divided into two columns, of from 30 to 38 lines. This volume is written in a good, regiilar Estrangela of the vu"* cent., perhaps by the same scribe as Add. 14,647. It contains —
The third part of the Ecclesiastical History of John, bishop of Asia or Ephesus (see Asse- mani, Bibl. Or., t. ii., pp. 83, seqq., and Land, " Joannes Bischof von Ephesos, der erste syrische Kirchenhistoriker," Leyden, 1856) :
1062 HISTORY.
r«:A-vz.o rc'Ax.i^i t<'iu>x.A\ (see foil. 57 b, 117 a, 128 b). The running title, e. g. foil. 3 b and 4 a, is ,iia rtfx.s^s r^iaj^oa-oaAaK' . K'<ku:i.sa QooQo^rC'.i r^&cksaxi^r^ . ^a<
It is divided into six books, each book being preceded by an index of contents.
Book i., 42 chapters. Fol. 1 a. Of these there are lost, chh. 1 and 2, the beginning of ch. 3, the end of ch. 4, chh. 6 — 8, and the beginning of ch. 9.
Book ii., 62 chapters. Tol. 24 b.
Book iii., 56 chapters. Pol. 56 b. Of these chh. 44 — 56 are lost, and ch. 48 is im- perfect at the end.
Book iv., 61 chapters. Fol. 84 a. Of these there are lost, chh. 1 — 4, the greater part of ch. 5, the endof ch. 22, chh. 23—29, and the greater part of ch. 30.
Book v., 23 chapters. Fol. 116 a.
Book vi., 49 chapters. Fol. 127 b. Chh. 38 — 49 are entirely lost, and of ch. 37 only a small portion remains.
This valuable work has been edited by Dr. Cureton, "the Third Part of the Ecclesiastical History of John, bishop of Ephesus," Oxford, 1853; and translated into English by the Rev. R. Payne Smith, Oxford, 1860. There is also a German translation by Dr. J. M. Schonfelder, "DieKirchengeschichte des Jo- hannes von Ephesus," Miinchen, 1862.
[Add. 14,640.]
DCCCCXXI.
Paper, about 12 in. by 7, consisting of 23 leaves, all of which are more or less stained and torn. There are from 36 to 40 lines in each page. This volume is written in a good, regular hand of the x'" or xi'" cent., and contains —
Fragments of a Chronicle, in continuation of the Chronicle of Eusebius of Csesarea, composed, as it would seem, by Jacob of
Edessa : jDoxzxeoetr^^ >m iiva.i Kliiit ^as&i&sa
The introduction begins with the following outline of the plan and contents of the work.* Fol. 1 b. .j9Q\i°>*ar^A.i oda .nfii-imorC .-Uk
tcn r^\ ->\ ^Osix^sa .1A^ . >i.jJ^^oaAr^A:a.i
^r^fio&j^ COS pofloo .* i^n^toi ^.i kLlsiI' r^aj.T^ ,-5acna^ jl^\ yt^r^ ^ : .^_octxj3.i
^.1
acn rOkAsa .UDCUuX r<^.T^o r^sa.l^o : tOiul rdfs.i am rd^io^r^.i ^i
r^cp r<f\ -It (-50.1 rc'iuijL-.oio rt'^iv^ ^h\» ,JloaXli^a K'A^coar^ JU^ ^oeovsr^.i : T»ip<'A\rc'.i
: ( I \ \AuLr<' K'AuBT re* I twrdao jpc'o-ajulraa
rd — •io^r<'.lO KL-Jrc* ^ S3r^ rd ..T_jL_Ji.i
.• r<Li.AJi'Ar^,ia . Klii^K'.ia , r^jJOK'oJxu^.io
r^Aaa.TO r^.itsi.i : rdtsboi ^^'i^.i »_cucn
e^i^
K'^vuiijrc' ^cnlii ^cno : Kl&floi^.io rd^.-fcAinc
* The marginal notes are omitted, because they are mostly much mutilated.
JACOB OF
r^^OrualM.I : ^xi»r^ r^^Cu hus ^oo ^h\sa^
jasoi.'Ut^^fla^r^r^ti cD^O^a [iiva.i .a]o^ ^ooo
r^_.'io-£oo [^]i2l^iAuLr<' r£xxs
K'.ioo K'^OaLsoA ^K* ^.t .saix : rd^sor^a
j3ocC^a\r«'o iflorda .jvculcu ^.i
en \ [u»A \ ]-aorg-sird-ap
.x.i-A .v^ : rt* I -ii J3PQ 1 i\ylrc'\oniQ n \
: — ^- '» 1 r^^o^.icxMjia ^cnjL*.! iuA
rtL>ixXo reLiicLLO [r<ll]atX ,eU(0
[^]<oa.U9a k'.im\m r^\^^ct3a
.... .iM.! (<'(^oia:^job.i ^rdx.i&9a rdi.-icacuL
r^i.9\ i<Jur^.^.-io : r^'^oJLiJ* ^ai.io
^CD r^AJsiv&sao 1^ cu^.Tt^rC'
iur.rc' r^so^. .tmI&s.i
. I ico rc'a>ori_i_sa mo
r<\ iXi ^oA ^^.n^'ixsn.i
h\.ASaJi ^h\^r^h\^aa^ ^_OJcn
rCi&u-tivsa.l p<^iii-io '. ^..ocn^oX.i Klis&u^o K'iuiiiir^ pa^ : rt^mrns. .i r^h\a \ i \ ^Aooo OCR orAei KLlsvs ^i^^vfioK'.'i ^CD K'^Klx^O : cnasa.i >cn rdJiat ^<\.=3&\ak^)a.s .t -i wA^r^.i ^ kL^.a.T> r^2'X>:Tii.l .... K'.lorA iviA maAi.a ^o : .J9(\>t\irc'\y0niCXn.'t ^.i icb K'As^t-) o.Vk vyao •^^ Jtir^ r^ : i^jccnX r^^n.T^o ^."uca r^l.sv^ : cax^ni am rdioia A^. ft°knoQ5aX . ^..ocaa.i ^ojcn r^.icncii^'o ^i&us.i ^cp
r<**7i T oi r<ll.i jacus.x.K' ru.i . re'(K.*^t<to : r^x.crA rdsa.i^o ^.T>cn ^.1 ^cd r^i^QjaaV r<Ar^ . ji^flo r^lxjjO i.isrq K'crArC'.i ^UA rd^aA : rtilati rc'.^atttfla.i t^JOln >ii.i om.i r^so^r^